Gwizdek Katarzyna, Brzęk Anna, Bąk-Sosnowska Monika, Dittfeld Anna, Knapik Andrzej, Ziaja Damian
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Department of Kinesiology, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2018 Jun;58(6):880-888. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07298-X. Epub 2017 Jun 8.
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are said to be frequently used by both professional and amateur athletes. In addition to having a negative impact on health, steroids defy the concept of fair play. The aim of the study was to evaluate the scale of the problem related to using anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) by gym athletes and to analyze possible causes.
The study involved 435 participants aged between 18-66 (mean age 27.49±7.48). Out of them, 61.4% were male and 38.6% were female. The subjects were divided into two groups: Group A included 154 (35.4%) amateur and recreational athletes and group B included 281 (64.6%) professional athletes concerned with fitness, bodybuilding and powerlifting. A survey prepared by the authors was conducted in the study, and it consisted of 23 closed questions about AAS use, body confidence, and exercise dependence. In addition, a stadiometer and a body composition analyzer were utilized to take necessary measurements.
Between 1-23% of group A participants admitted to using AAS. For group B, it was between 7-30%. Males were reported to use AAS more frequently than females in both groups. With regard to group A, differences in body confidence and exercise dependence were found between males using and not using AAS. Exercise dependence was reported to be different between group A and group B participants. This was true for both males and females. Also, it was shown that group A and group B females differed in terms of metabolic age, body mass and body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass, muscle mass, and total body water).
Most gym athletes do not use AAS. Amateur athletes tend to use AAS more frequently than professional athletes. Factors that contribute to AAS use are: male gender, low body confidence, young age, and long training.
合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）据说被职业和业余运动员频繁使用。除了对健康有负面影响外，类固醇还违背了公平竞争的理念。本研究的目的是评估健身房运动员使用合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）相关问题的规模，并分析可能的原因。
该研究涉及435名年龄在18 - 66岁之间（平均年龄27.49±7.48）的参与者。其中，61.4%为男性，38.6%为女性。受试者被分为两组：A组包括154名（35.4%）业余和娱乐运动员，B组包括281名（64.6%）从事健身、健美和力量举的职业运动员。在研究中进行了作者编制的一项调查，该调查由23个关于AAS使用、身体自信和运动依赖的封闭式问题组成。此外，使用身高计和身体成分分析仪进行必要的测量。
A组1% - 23%的参与者承认使用过AAS。对于B组，这一比例在7% - 30%之间。据报告，两组中男性使用AAS的频率均高于女性。关于A组，使用和未使用AAS的男性在身体自信和运动依赖方面存在差异。据报告，A组和B组参与者在运动依赖方面存在差异。男性和女性都是如此。此外，还表明A组和B组女性在代谢年龄、体重和身体成分（脂肪量、去脂体重、肌肉量和总体水）方面存在差异。
大多数健身房运动员不使用AAS。业余运动员比职业运动员更倾向于频繁使用AAS。导致使用AAS的因素有：男性、身体自信低、年龄小和训练时间长。
