Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2020 May 28;56(6):265. doi: 10.3390/medicina56060265.
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are mainly used for aesthetic and performance-enhancing reasons. Their use is a growing public health problem and concern for society because of their adverse effects. The primary aim of this study was to identify psychiatric and personality disorders and to measure anxiety and depression in AAS users. Fifty-six males who actively contacted the Anti-Doping Hot-Line and wished to stop using AAS were included. Structured Clinical Interviews Diagnosis-I and -II were used to diagnose psychiatric and personality disorders. The Brief Scale for Anxiety and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (subscales from the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale) were used to measure changes in anxiety and depression. Structured Clinical Interviews Diagnosis-I and -II were performed at one time point. Anxiety and depression were measured at inclusion and after six months. Urine samples were collected for an analysis of AAS and drugs of abuse. All participants reported some adverse effects that they associated with AAS use. In total, 56% and 52% of the cohort fulfilled the criteria for Structured Clinical Interviews Diagnosis-I and -II diagnoses, respectively. A significantly increased risk of reporting aggressive feelings/behaviors (Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.9; Confidence Interval (CI) 0.99-25, = 0.04), suicidal thoughts/attempts (OR = 4.6, CI 95; 0.99-21, = 0.04) and criminality (OR = 6.5, CI 1-39, = 0.03) was found among individuals with AAS use fulfilling the criteria for personality disorders compared with those without such AAS use. The Brief Scale for Anxiety score decreased from the median of 15 at inclusion to 10 at the follow-up visit six months later ( = 0.01, = 19). Our findings indicate that among individuals with AAS use, those with a personality disorder report more aggressive behaviors, suicidal thoughts/suicidal attempts, and criminality than those without a personality disorder.
合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）主要用于美容和性能增强。由于其不良反应，它们的使用成为一个日益严重的公共卫生问题和社会关注。本研究的主要目的是确定精神病和人格障碍，并测量 AAS 使用者的焦虑和抑郁。
纳入了 56 名主动联系反兴奋剂热线并希望停止使用 AAS 的男性。使用结构临床访谈诊断-I 和-II 来诊断精神病和人格障碍。使用焦虑和蒙哥马利抑郁评定量表（综合精神病学评定量表的子量表）来测量焦虑和抑郁的变化。结构临床访谈诊断-I 和-II 同时进行。焦虑和抑郁在纳入时和六个月后进行测量。收集尿液样本进行 AAS 和滥用药物分析。
所有参与者都报告了一些他们认为与 AAS 使用有关的不良影响。共有 56%和 52%的队列符合结构临床访谈诊断-I 和-II 诊断标准。报告有攻击性行为/行为（优势比（OR）=4.9；置信区间（CI）0.99-25，=0.04）、自杀念头/企图（OR=4.6，CI 95；0.99-21，=0.04）和犯罪（OR=6.5，CI 1-39，=0.03）的风险显著增加的个体与没有这种 AAS 使用的个体相比，人格障碍使用 AAS 的个体被发现。焦虑量表的分数从纳入时的中位数 15 下降到六个月后的随访时的 10（=0.01，=19）。
我们的研究结果表明，在使用 AAS 的个体中，与没有人格障碍的个体相比，有人格障碍的个体报告的攻击性行为、自杀念头/自杀企图和犯罪行为更多。
