Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices, Indian Academy of Pediatrics Correspondence to: Dr Vipin M Vashishtha, Convener, IAP Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (ACVIP), Mangla Hospital and Research Center, Shakti Chowk, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh, 246 701, India.
Indian Pediatr. 2013 Aug;50(8):739-41. doi: 10.1007/s13312-013-0210-1.
Adverse event following immunization (AEFI) is a critical component of immunization program. The risk of AEFI with vaccination is always weighed against the risk of not immunizing a child. There is an evolving AEFI surveillance system in India for the vaccines delivered through universal immunization program (UIP) of government sector, but the reporting remained suboptimal for long in the country, and there is almost no participation from private sector. The AEFI reporting from private sector will provide vital information on the safety of new and underutilized vaccines, not part of the UIP in India. The national guidelines are recently revised and updated. The Indian Academy of Pediatrics believes that pediatricians, especially in private sector have a crucial role to play with reporting of AEFI with newer/underutilized vaccines. Programmatic error, vaccine reaction, injection reactions, coincidental and unknown are the five broad categories of AEFI for programmatic purposes. The serious AEFIs (death, disability, cluster and hospitalization) need to be reported immediately and investigated in detail as per the laid down procedures. Once a serious AEFI happens, primary or urban health centre should be immediately informed by the pediatricians practicing in rural or urban areas, respectively. This advocacy paper from the academy provides guidelines to practitioners on how to report cases, and suggests ways for IAP members to help in ongoing efforts of the government in improving AEFI surveillance in the country. The details about the diagnosis and management of known/expected AEFI with UIP and newer vaccines shall be published later.
疫苗不良反应（AEFI）是免疫规划的重要组成部分。接种疫苗的 AEFI 风险始终与不免疫儿童的风险相权衡。印度为政府部门实施的常规免疫规划（UIP）疫苗建立了一个不断发展的 AEFI 监测系统，但长期以来，该国的报告一直不理想，私营部门几乎没有参与。私营部门的 AEFI 报告将为新疫苗和未充分利用疫苗的安全性提供重要信息，这些疫苗不在印度的 UIP 范围内。国家指南最近进行了修订和更新。印度儿科学会认为，儿科医生，特别是私营部门的儿科医生，在报告新疫苗和未充分利用疫苗的 AEFI 方面发挥着至关重要的作用。为了规划目的，AEFI 分为五大类：方案错误、疫苗反应、注射反应、偶合和未知。需要立即报告严重 AEFI（死亡、残疾、聚集和住院），并按照既定程序进行详细调查。一旦发生严重 AEFI，农村地区或城市地区的儿科医生应分别立即通知初级或城市卫生中心。该学会的这份宣传文件为从业者提供了报告病例的指南，并为 IAP 成员提出了帮助政府改善该国 AEFI 监测的建议。关于 UIP 和新疫苗的已知/预期 AEFI 的诊断和管理的详细信息将在以后公布。
