School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences (Jerrett, Almanza), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
Am J Prev Med. 2013 Oct;45(4):386-92. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.05.010.
Physical inactivity is a leading cause of death and disease globally. Research suggests physical inactivity might be linked to community designs that discourage active living. A "smart growth" community contains features likely to promote active living (walkability, green space, mixed land use), but objective evidence on the potential benefits of smart growth communities is limited.
To assess whether living in a smart growth community was associated with increased neighborhood-centered leisure-time physical activity in children aged 8-14 years, compared to residing in a conventional community (i.e., one not designed according to smart growth principles).
Participants were recruited from a smart growth community, "The Preserve," located in Chino, California, and eight conventional communities within a 30-minute drive of The Preserve. The analytic sample included 147 children. During 2009-2010, each child carried an accelerometer and a GPS for 7 days to ascertain physical activity and location information. Negative binomial models were used to assess the association between residence in the smart growth community and physical activity. Analyses were conducted in 2012.
Smart growth community residence was associated with a 46% increase in the proportion of neighborhood moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as compared to conventional community residence. This analysis included neighborhood activity data collected during the school season and outside of school hours and home. Counterfactual simulations with model parameters suggested that smart growth community residence could add 10 minutes per day of neighborhood MVPA.
Living in a smart growth community may increase local physical activity in children as compared to residence in conventionally designed communities.
身体活动不足是全球范围内导致死亡和疾病的主要原因之一。研究表明，身体活动不足可能与不鼓励积极生活的社区设计有关。“智能增长”社区包含了促进积极生活的特征（可步行性、绿地、混合土地利用），但关于智能增长社区潜在益处的客观证据有限。
评估相较于居住在传统社区（即未按照智能增长原则设计的社区），居住在智能增长社区是否与 8-14 岁儿童以社区为中心的休闲时间身体活动增加有关。
参与者从位于加利福尼亚州奇诺的智能增长社区“保护区”以及距离“保护区”30 分钟车程内的八个传统社区中招募。分析样本包括 147 名儿童。在 2009-2010 年期间，每个孩子佩戴加速度计和 GPS 设备 7 天，以确定身体活动和位置信息。使用负二项式模型评估居住在智能增长社区与身体活动之间的关系。分析于 2012 年进行。
相较于居住在传统社区，居住在智能增长社区与社区内中等到剧烈身体活动（MVPA）的比例增加了 46%。该分析包括在上学季节和校外时间以及家庭中收集的社区活动数据。使用模型参数进行的反事实模拟表明，居住在智能增长社区可能会每天增加 10 分钟的社区内 MVPA。
相较于居住在传统设计的社区，居住在智能增长社区可能会增加儿童的当地身体活动。
