Miguel Mario, Oliveira Valéria Clarisse de, Pereira Danyella, Pedrazzoli Mario
Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo , Brazil and.
Ann Hum Biol. 2014 Mar-Apr;41(2):105-8. doi: 10.3109/03014460.2013.832795. Epub 2013 Sep 24.
Chronotype, phase preference to perform activities during a 24-hour day, represents distinct circadian temporal organization of living organisms. Morning and evening types can be identified by questionnaires such as Horne and Östberg (HO) and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). Environmental factors, such as different light-dark cycles experienced at different latitudes, interact with the organisms' circadian timekeeping system. Therefore, chronotype is expected to vary as a result of different geographical locations.
To identify differences in chronotype distribution in populations of two Brazilian cities, Natal and Sao Paulo, located at different latitudes.
Two specific questionnaires, the Horne and Östberg Questionnaire (HO) and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), were used to identify chronotypes of undergraduate students from São Paulo and Natal.
The comparison of the curve distributions of HO and MCTQ scores between both cities allowed one to observe that, while HO curves of São Paulo and Natal overlapped, MCTQ curves showed a clear shift towards eveningness in São Paulo.
This experiment confirmed results from previous studies that the farther away from the equator, the longer the delay of the sleep phase. It was also concluded that MCTQ is better at detecting this phenomenon.
昼夜节律类型，即在24小时内进行活动的相位偏好，代表了生物体独特的昼夜时间组织。早晚型可以通过诸如霍恩和奥斯特伯格（HO）问卷以及慕尼黑昼夜节律类型问卷（MCTQ）等问卷来识别。环境因素，如在不同纬度经历的不同明暗周期，与生物体的昼夜计时系统相互作用。因此，昼夜节律类型预计会因地理位置不同而有所变化。
确定位于不同纬度的巴西两个城市纳塔尔和圣保罗人群中昼夜节律类型分布的差异。
使用两种特定问卷，即霍恩和奥斯特伯格问卷（HO）以及慕尼黑昼夜节律类型问卷（MCTQ），来确定圣保罗和纳塔尔本科生的昼夜节律类型。
两个城市之间HO和MCTQ得分曲线分布的比较使人们观察到，虽然圣保罗和纳塔尔的HO曲线重叠，但圣保罗的MCTQ曲线明显向晚型偏移。
该实验证实了先前研究的结果，即离赤道越远，睡眠相位延迟越长。还得出结论，MCTQ在检测这一现象方面表现更佳。
