Maddox Raglan, Davey Rachel, Cochrane Tom, Lovett Ray, van der Sterren Anke
Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, University of Canberra, University Drive, Canberra, ACT 2606, Australia.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Sep 24;13:879. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-879.
Tobacco use is the most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in Australia. Comprehensive tobacco control has reduced smoking rates in Australia from approximately 34 per cent in 1980 to 15 per cent in 2010. However, 46 per cent of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (Indigenous Australians) smoke on a daily basis, more than double the rate of non-Indigenous Australians. The evidence of effective tobacco control strategies for Indigenous Australians is relatively scarce. The aim of this study is to (i) explore the influences of smoking in Indigenous Australian people and to (ii) help inform and evaluate a multi-component tobacco control strategy. The study aims to answer the following questions:--do individuals' social networks influence smoking behaviours;--is there an association between various social and cultural factors and being a smoker or non-smoker; and--does a multi-component tobacco control program impact positively on tobacco behaviours, attitudes and beliefs in Indigenous Australians.
Our prospective study will use a mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative), including a pre- and post-test evaluation of a tobacco control initiative. The study will explore the social and cultural context underlying Indigenous Australian tobacco use and associated factors which influence smoking behaviour. Primary data will be collected via a panel survey, interviews and focus groups. Secondary data will include de-identified PBS items related to smoking and also data collected from the Quitlines call service. Network analysis will be used to assess whether social networks influence smoking behaviours. For the survey, baseline differences will be tested using chi(2) statistics for the categorical and dichotomous variables and t-tests for the continuous variables, where appropriate. Grounded theory will be used to analyse the interviews and focus groups. Local Aboriginal community controlled organisations will partner in the study.
Our study will explore the key factors, including the influence of social networks, that impact on tobacco use and the extent to which smoking behaviours transcend networks within the Indigenous Australian community in the ACT. This will add to the evidence-base, identifying influential factors to tobacco use and the effectiveness and influence of a multi-component tobacco control strategy.
在澳大利亚，吸烟是发病率和死亡率最可预防的原因。全面的烟草控制已使澳大利亚的吸烟率从1980年的约34%降至2010年的15%。然而，46%的原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民（澳大利亚原住民）每天吸烟，这一比例是非原住民澳大利亚人的两倍多。针对澳大利亚原住民的有效烟草控制策略的证据相对较少。本研究的目的是：（i）探究澳大利亚原住民吸烟的影响因素；（ii）为多成分烟草控制策略提供信息并进行评估。该研究旨在回答以下问题：——个人的社交网络是否会影响吸烟行为；——各种社会和文化因素与吸烟或不吸烟之间是否存在关联；——多成分烟草控制项目是否会对澳大利亚原住民的烟草行为、态度和信念产生积极影响。
我们的前瞻性研究将采用混合方法（定性和定量），包括对一项烟草控制倡议进行前后测试评估。该研究将探究澳大利亚原住民烟草使用背后的社会和文化背景以及影响吸烟行为的相关因素。主要数据将通过面板调查、访谈和焦点小组收集。次要数据将包括与吸烟相关的匿名药品福利计划（PBS）项目以及从戒烟热线服务收集的数据。网络分析将用于评估社交网络是否会影响吸烟行为。对于调查，将在适当情况下使用卡方统计检验分类变量和二分变量的基线差异，使用t检验检验连续变量的基线差异。扎根理论将用于分析访谈和焦点小组。当地的原住民社区控制组织将参与该研究。
我们的研究将探究影响烟草使用的关键因素，包括社交网络的影响，以及吸烟行为在澳大利亚首都地区原住民社区内超越网络的程度。这将增加证据基础，确定影响烟草使用的因素以及多成分烟草控制策略的有效性和影响。
