Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia, and Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
Histol Histopathol. 2014 Mar;29(3):333-42. doi: 10.14670/HH-29.333. Epub 2013 Sep 24.
Tattooing with henna is a routine practice in the Arab world. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have evaluated the adverse histological effects following henna tattooing on the ultrastructure of the skin. The objectives of this study were to diagnose the cytopathological alterations induced by commercial henna and to investigate the adverse role of henna when combined with sun ray on the skin. The skin of albino rats was tattooed with natural and black henna for three months, skin samples were examined by transmission electron microscope. In addition, the concentration of lead in henna samples was estimated by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results expanded the understanding of the pathogenesis of henna-induced phytophotodermatitis. We hypothesized that henna-associated additives penetrated the epidermal barrier to gain access to the vascular dermis where the harmful ingredients became concentrated, leading to skin pathology through a dual mechanism. First, these ingredients became re-transported into the epidermis through vesicular trafficking leading to dermo-epidermal blistering and cytoplasmic vacuolization of the stratum basal cells. Following this, cytoplasmic vacuoles poured their content into the nuclei through continuities with the perinuclear cisterna, possibly leading to genetic mutation. The progression of keratinocytes into the next layers became associated with nuclear and cytoplasmic signs of apoptosis with subsequent phagocytosis in other epidermal cells, most probably keratinocytes. The second mechanism of injury was mediated through accumulation of inflammatory cells around capillaries in the dermis with the release of angiogenic and mitogenic mediators resulting in vasculopathy.
在阿拉伯世界，纹身是一种常见的做法。据我们所知，目前还没有研究评估过指甲花纹身对皮肤超微结构的不良组织学影响。本研究的目的是诊断商用指甲花引起的细胞病理改变，并研究指甲花与阳光联合对皮肤的不良作用。用天然指甲花和黑色指甲花对白化大鼠皮肤进行了三个月的纹身，然后用透射电子显微镜检查皮肤样本。此外，还使用原子吸收分光光度法估计指甲花样本中的铅浓度。研究结果扩展了对指甲花引起的植物光毒性皮炎发病机制的认识。我们假设指甲花中的添加剂渗透表皮屏障进入血管真皮，有害成分在那里集中，通过双重机制导致皮肤病理学。首先，这些成分通过囊泡运输重新被运送到表皮，导致表皮-真皮水疱和基底层细胞的细胞质空泡化。随后，细胞质空泡通过与核周池的连续性将其内容物排入细胞核，可能导致基因突变。角质形成细胞向相邻层的进展与核和细胞质的凋亡迹象相关，随后被其他表皮细胞（很可能是角质形成细胞）吞噬。第二种损伤机制是通过真皮毛细血管周围炎症细胞的积累介导的，释放血管生成和有丝分裂介质，导致血管病变。
