Grüsser O J, Kirchhoff N, Naumann A
Department of Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, West Germany.
Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis. 1990;67:165-93.
The perception and recognition of faces and nonface stimuli were investigated by means of EP techniques in normal subjects. Neuropsychological studies on recognition of faces, facial expression, and gestures were performed in normal subjects, brain-lesioned patients, and schizophrenic patients. 1. Two neuropsychological tests investigating recognition of faces, mimic expression, and gestures were applied in normals and brain-lesioned patients. In the first test, the recognition of faces and vases was tested 1 hr and 1 week after an inspection series. It was found that the size rather than the location of the lesion (excluding occipital lobe lesions) was an important determinant of the error score. No significant differences were found between patients suffering from RH and LH lesions. In general the same observation was true when recognition of faces, expression, and gestures was studied by means of a movie test consisting of 12 10-sec movie scenes and 10 multiple-choice tests following inspection of each scene. A slight tendency to higher error scores appeared in patients suffering from right temporo-occipital lesions compared with other RH lesions. 2. Impairment in the perception and recognition of faces, facial expression, and gestures was also found in schizophrenic patients. Their error score, especially in the movie tests, was on the average higher than in brain-lesioned patients, indicating a major perceptual or cognitive deficit in this disease. This observation is consistent with some clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. It is remarkable that in the slide test, schizophrenic patients had a significantly higher error score in the easy tasks (recognition of upright faces) than normals, whereas in the difficult tasks (involving upside-down faces) their performance was not significantly different from that of an age- and socially matched group. 3. The degree of schizophrenic defect and acute psychotic symptoms had some effect on the impairment in schizophrenics performing these tests. When the error scores of adolescent and middle-aged schizophrenics were compared to corresponding control group error scores, the relative impairment of adolescent schizophrenic patients was found to be somewhat stronger than that of adult schizophrenics. This supports the hypothesis that the impairment in face and mimic recognition found in schizophrenic patients is caused by the disease and not by other factors such as duration of illness or hospitalization. It is conjectured that a component very specific to schizophrenia leads to the dramatic cognitive defect found in our tests in these patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
通过事件相关电位（EP）技术，在正常受试者中对面部和非面部刺激的感知与识别进行了研究。对正常受试者、脑损伤患者和精神分裂症患者进行了关于面部识别、面部表情和手势的神经心理学研究。1. 对正常人和脑损伤患者应用了两项调查面部识别、模仿表情和手势的神经心理学测试。在第一个测试中，在一系列检查后1小时和1周测试对面部和花瓶的识别。发现病变的大小而非位置（枕叶病变除外）是错误分数的一个重要决定因素。右侧半球（RH）和左侧半球（LH）病变的患者之间未发现显著差异。一般来说，当通过由12个10秒电影场景组成的电影测试以及每个场景检查后的10项多项选择题来研究面部、表情和手势的识别时，同样的观察结果成立。与其他右侧半球病变患者相比，右侧颞枕叶病变患者的错误分数有轻微升高的趋势。2. 在精神分裂症患者中也发现了面部、面部表情和手势的感知与识别受损。他们的错误分数，尤其是在电影测试中，平均高于脑损伤患者，表明该疾病存在主要的感知或认知缺陷。这一观察结果与精神分裂症的一些临床症状一致。值得注意的是，在幻灯片测试中，精神分裂症患者在简单任务（直立面部识别）中的错误分数显著高于正常人，而在困难任务（涉及倒置面部）中，他们的表现与年龄和社会匹配组没有显著差异。3. 精神分裂症缺陷程度和急性精神病症状对精神分裂症患者进行这些测试时的损伤有一定影响。当将青少年和中年精神分裂症患者的错误分数与相应对照组的错误分数进行比较时，发现青少年精神分裂症患者的相对损伤比成年精神分裂症患者略强。这支持了这样一种假设，即精神分裂症患者中发现的面部和模仿识别受损是由该疾病引起的，而非由诸如病程或住院时间等其他因素导致。据推测，精神分裂症特有的一个成分导致了我们在这些患者测试中发现的严重认知缺陷。（摘要截取自400字）
