Office of the Director, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2013 Sep 19;8(9):e74370. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074370. eCollection 2013.
Recommended disease prevention behaviors of hand washing, hygienic hand drying, and covering one's mouth and nose in a hygienic manner when coughing and sneezing appear to be simple behaviors but continue to be a challenge to successfully promote and sustain worldwide. We conducted a qualitative inquiry to better understand current hand drying behaviors associated with activities of daily living, and mouth and nose covering practices, among Kenyans.
We conducted 7 focus group discussions; 30 in-depth interviews; 10 structured household observations; and 75 structured observations in public venues in the urban area of Kisumu; rural communities surrounding Kisumu; and a peri-urban area outside Nairobi, Kenya. Using a grounded theory approach, we transcribed and coded the narrative data followed by thematic analysis of the emergent themes. Hand drying, specifically on a clean towel, was not a common practice among our participants. Most women dried their hands on their waist cloth, called a leso, or their clothes whether they were cooking, eating or cleaning the nose of a young child. If men dried their hands, they used their trousers or a handkerchief. Children rarely dried their hands; they usually just wiped them on their clothes, shook them, or left them wet as they continued with their activities. Many people sneezed into their hands and wiped them on their clothes. Men and women used a handkerchief fairly often when they had a runny nose, cold, or the flu. Most people coughed into the air or their hand.
Drying hands on dirty clothes, rags and lesos can compromise the benefits of handwashing. Coughing and sneezing in to an open hand can contribute to spread of disease as well. Understanding these practices can inform health promotion activities and campaigns for the prevention and control of diarrheal disease and influenza.
推荐的洗手、卫生手干燥以及咳嗽和打喷嚏时卫生掩口鼻等疾病预防行为看似简单，但在全球范围内成功推广和持续实施仍然具有挑战性。我们进行了一项定性研究，以更好地了解肯尼亚人日常生活中与手干燥行为以及口鼻覆盖实践相关的当前情况。
我们在基苏木市区、基苏木周边农村社区和内罗毕郊区的公共场所进行了 7 次焦点小组讨论；30 次深入访谈；10 次家庭结构观察和 75 次结构观察。使用扎根理论方法，我们对叙述性数据进行了转录和编码，然后对出现的主题进行了主题分析。在手干燥方面，特别是在干净的毛巾上干燥，我们的参与者中并没有常见的做法。大多数女性在做饭、吃饭或清洁小孩鼻子时，会将手擦干在腰布上，称为 leso，或者擦干在衣服上。如果男性擦干手，他们会使用裤子或手帕。孩子们很少擦干手；他们通常只是在衣服上擦拭一下，摇一下手，或者让手保持湿润，然后继续进行活动。许多人打喷嚏时会将手放在衣服上擦。男人和女人在流鼻涕、感冒或流感时会经常使用手帕。大多数人会咳嗽到空气中或手上。
在脏衣服、抹布和 leso 上擦干手可能会降低洗手的益处。打喷嚏时将手张开也会导致疾病传播。了解这些做法可以为腹泻病和流感的预防和控制提供健康促进活动和宣传活动的信息。
