Malmberg P
National Institute of Occupational Health, Solna, Sweden.
Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(1):7-15. doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700170104.
Exposure to farm dust may cause asthma, rhinitis, allergic alveolitis, organic dust toxic syndrome, and chronic bronchitis. Febrile reactions to inhaled dusts are common and are usually of a toxic rather than an allergic type. Some evidence indicates that dairy farmers may have an increased prevalence of chronic bronchitis, allergic asthma, rhinitis, and chronic airflow limitation, but this has not been conclusively shown. Storage mites and cow dander are important allergens in dairy farming. Inflammation of airways may in part be caused by immediate or delayed hypersensitivity. Other mechanisms, such as activation of inflammatory cells from toxic agents or high exposure levels, may be of considerable importance in causing airway and lung disease.
接触农场灰尘可能会导致哮喘、鼻炎、过敏性肺泡炎、有机粉尘毒性综合征和慢性支气管炎。对吸入灰尘的发热反应很常见,通常是中毒性的而非过敏性的。一些证据表明,奶农患慢性支气管炎、过敏性哮喘、鼻炎和慢性气流受限的患病率可能会增加,但这尚未得到确凿证实。储存螨和牛毛屑是奶牛养殖中的重要过敏原。气道炎症可能部分由速发型或迟发型超敏反应引起。其他机制,如有毒物质激活炎症细胞或高暴露水平,在引发气道和肺部疾病方面可能相当重要。