CoRPS-Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases, Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology , Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands,
Int J Behav Med. 2014 Jun;21(3):496-505. doi: 10.1007/s12529-013-9350-x.
Research on the emotional processes associated with Type D personality is important for its further conceptualization. We examined the associations of Type D personality with social and general anxiety symptoms in a large community sample.
The aim of the current study was to disentangle the associations of Type D personality and its components with social anxiety and general anxiety in a large sample from the general population.
A random sample of 2,475 adults from the general population filled out questionnaires to assess Type D personality (DS-14), social anxiety (SIAS(10), SPS(11), BFNE-II), and general anxiety (HADS-A, GAD-7).
Type D individuals were characterized by increased levels of both social and general anxiety. The social inhibition (SI) component of Type D personality was most strongly associated with social interaction anxiety (r = .63), while negative affectivity (NA) was strongly associated with general anxiety (GAD-7: r = .70; HADS-A: r = .66). Within social anxiety, SI was more strongly associated with facets of social interaction anxiety than with social phobia. Multiple regression analysis showed that the synergistic interaction of NA and SI was a predictor of social anxiety (SIAS(10): β = .32, p < .0005; SPS(11): β = .27, p < .0005; BFNE-II: β = .11, p = .007) independent of demographics and the scores on the individual Type D components. This interaction was not a significant predictor of general anxiety. Logistic regression using the dichotomous Type D classification demonstrated a 9.1-fold (95%CI, 7.0-11.8) increased odds of a score in the highest quartile of social interaction anxiety and a 7.6-fold (95%CI, 5.8-9.8) increased odds of high social phobia. Odds ratios for clinically relevant levels of general anxiety were 8.3 (95%CI, 5.5-12.5) for GAD-7 and 6.5 (95%CI, 3.4-12.6) for HADS-A.
In the general population, Type D individuals were characterized by both social and general anxiety. The SI component of Type D is strongly associated with social interaction anxiety and the synergistic interaction of NA and SI was associated with high social anxiety, above and beyond the main NA and SI effects.
研究与 D 型人格相关的情绪过程对于其进一步概念化很重要。我们在一个大型社区样本中研究了 D 型人格与社交和一般焦虑症状的关联。
本研究的目的是在一般人群的大样本中，厘清 D 型人格及其各组成部分与社交焦虑和一般焦虑的关系。
从一般人群中随机抽取 2475 名成年人填写问卷，以评估 D 型人格（DS-14）、社交焦虑（SIAS(10)、SPS(11)、BFNE-II）和一般焦虑（HADS-A、GAD-7）。
D 型个体的社交和一般焦虑水平均较高。D 型人格的社交抑制（SI）成分与社交互动焦虑的相关性最强（r =.63），而负性情绪（NA）与一般焦虑相关性最强（GAD-7：r =.70；HADS-A：r =.66）。在社交焦虑中，SI 与社交互动焦虑的各个方面的相关性强于社交恐惧症。多元回归分析显示，NA 和 SI 的协同交互作用是社交焦虑的预测因子（SIAS(10)：β =.32，p <.0005；SPS(11)：β =.27，p <.0005；BFNE-II：β =.11，p =.007），独立于人口统计学和个体 D 型成分的得分。这种相互作用不是一般焦虑的显著预测因子。使用二分类 D 型分类的逻辑回归显示，社交互动焦虑最高四分位的得分增加了 9.1 倍（95%CI，7.0-11.8），高社交恐惧症的得分增加了 7.6 倍（95%CI，5.8-9.8）。GAD-7 的临床相关水平的比值比为 8.3（95%CI，5.5-12.5），HADS-A 的比值比为 6.5（95%CI，3.4-12.6）。
在一般人群中，D 型个体的特点是社交和一般焦虑并存。D 型人格的 SI 成分与社交互动焦虑密切相关，NA 和 SI 的协同交互作用与高社交焦虑相关，超出了主要的 NA 和 SI 影响。
