Kamiabi Fatemeh, Jaal Zairi, Keng Chan Lai
School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; Faculty of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013 Oct;3(10):767-75. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60153-7. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
To evaluate the growth inhibition activity of the crude extract of Cyperus aromaticus (C. aromaticus) cultured cells against the 3rd instar larvae of Aedes aegypti (Linn.) and Aedes albopictus Skuse (Ae. albopictus) under laboratory conditions, and determine the sublethal effects (EI50) of the crude extract of C. aromaticus cultured cells on some biological and morphological parameters of both Aedes mosquito species during two generations as well.
The cell suspension cultures of C. aromaticus were activated from five callus lines (P4, Pa, Z1, Z6 and Ml) derived from the root explants of in vitro plantlets. The cultured cells were extracted in chloroform and used as plant material for the present study. For detection of juvenile hormone III, the crude extracts were analyzed by HPLC. Then the crude extracts of the three C. aromaticus cultured cell lines which contained varied amounts of juvenile hormone III [high level (P4 cell line), medium level (Z1 cell line) and low level (Ml cell line)] were tested against Aedes mosquito species. Laboratory evaluation was performed against late third instar larvae of the Vector Control Research Unit strains of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus using the standard WHO method. The effects of EI50 of the C. aromaticus cultured P4 cells on fecundity, fertility, growth period, sex ratio, adult size and longevity of Aedes mosquitoes were assessed.
Bioassay tests presented the remarkable growth inhibition activity of the crude extracts of C. aromaticus cultured cells against the two Aedes mosquitoes. Between the two mosquito species, Ae. albopictus was more susceptible to the crude extracts with lower EI50 values. EI50 of the crude extract of C. aromaticus cultured cells (P4) increased the sterility indices in the parental generation females in both Aedes mosquito species. A significant delay in the pupal formation and adult emergence were observed in the parental generation of the both mosquito species. The sex ratio of the adult population either parental or F1 generation of the Aedes mosquito species was not significantly affected by the EI50 dosage of the crude extract of C. aromaticus cultured P4 cells. A significant decrease in the wing length of the treated adult (female and male) of Aedes aegypti as well as the treated female of Ae. albopictus were observed. Longevity of the adult female of the parental generation of both Aedes mosquitoes as well as females of F1 generation of Ae. albopictus were significantly decreased.
The present study revealed the potential of the crude extract of C. aromaticus cultured cells in controlling vector mosquito populations in the effort to reduce the transmission of vector borne diseases.
在实验室条件下评估香附子（Cyperus aromaticus）培养细胞粗提物对埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti Linn.）和白纹伊蚊（Aedes albopictus Skuse）三龄幼虫的生长抑制活性，并确定香附子培养细胞粗提物对这两种伊蚊两代的一些生物学和形态学参数的亚致死效应（EI50）。
从体外幼苗根外植体来源的五个愈伤组织系（P4、Pa、Z1、Z6和Ml）激活香附子的细胞悬浮培养物。培养细胞用氯仿提取，并用作本研究的植物材料。为检测保幼激素III，通过高效液相色谱法分析粗提物。然后，测试含有不同量保幼激素III[高水平（P4细胞系）、中等水平（Z1细胞系）和低水平（Ml细胞系）]的三种香附子培养细胞系的粗提物对伊蚊的作用。使用标准的世卫组织方法对埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊病媒控制研究单位品系的晚三龄幼虫进行实验室评估。评估香附子培养的P4细胞的EI50对伊蚊繁殖力、生育力、生长期、性别比、成虫大小和寿命的影响。
生物测定试验表明，香附子培养细胞粗提物对两种伊蚊具有显著的生长抑制活性。在这两种蚊虫中，白纹伊蚊对粗提物更敏感，EI50值较低。香附子培养细胞（P4）粗提物的EI50增加了两种伊蚊亲代雌性的不育指数。在两种蚊虫的亲代中均观察到蛹形成和成虫羽化显著延迟。香附子培养的P4细胞粗提物的EI50剂量对伊蚊亲代或F1代成虫种群的性别比没有显著影响。观察到处理后的埃及伊蚊成虫（雌性和雄性）以及处理后的白纹伊蚊雌性的翅长显著降低。两种伊蚊亲代雌性成虫以及白纹伊蚊F1代雌性成虫的寿命均显著缩短。
本研究揭示了香附子培养细胞粗提物在控制病媒蚊虫种群以减少病媒传播疾病传播方面的潜力。
