Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Canadian Center for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Center, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Atherosclerosis. 2013 Oct;230(2):284-92. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.07.042. Epub 2013 Aug 9.
Dietary modifications including healthy eating constitute one of the first line strategies for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including high cholesterol and atherosclerosis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential cardiovascular benefits of wild rice in male and female LDL-receptor-deficient (LDLr-KO) mice.
Wild rice was used to create a semi-synthetic diet containing approximately 60% of total energy from carbohydrate. Two other experimental diets were similar in macronutrient composition, but containing either white rice or commercial carbohydrate sources. All diets were supplemented with 0.06% (w/w) dietary cholesterol. The mice were divided into six experimental groups and fed with these diets over 24 weeks.
Consumption of wild rice significantly reduced the size and severity of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic roots of male and female mice by 71 and 61% respectively, compared to the control group of the same gender. This effect was associated with significant reductions of plasma cholesterol levels by 15 and 40%, low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels by 12 and 42%, and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels by 35 and 75% respectively, in male and female mice compared to the control group of the same gender. Increased fecal cholesterol excretion of up to 34% was also noted, compared to the control group of the same gender. However, the antiatherogenic effect of wild rice was not associated with increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities.
Current data suggest that cholesterol-lowering effects of wild rice may be the main factor for the prevention of atherogenesis in LDLr-KO mice. Additional studies are needed to understand the mechanism of action.
饮食调整，包括健康饮食，是预防和治疗心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素（包括高胆固醇和动脉粥样硬化）的首要策略之一。本研究旨在探讨野生稻对 LDL 受体缺陷（LDLr-KO）小鼠的潜在心血管益处。
用野生稻制作一种半合成饮食，其中碳水化合物提供约 60%的总能量。另外两种实验饮食的宏量营养素组成相似，但含有白米或商业碳水化合物来源。所有饮食均补充 0.06%（w/w）膳食胆固醇。将小鼠分为 6 个实验组，用这些饮食喂养 24 周。
与同性别对照组相比，食用野生稻可使雄性和雌性小鼠主动脉根部的动脉粥样硬化病变大小和严重程度分别降低 71%和 61%。这种效果与血浆胆固醇水平降低 15%和 40%、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平降低 12%和 42%、极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）水平降低 35%和 75%分别相关与同性别对照组相比。与同性别对照组相比，还观察到粪便胆固醇排泄增加高达 34%。然而，野生稻的抗动脉粥样硬化作用与超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的增加无关。
目前的数据表明，野生稻的降胆固醇作用可能是预防 LDLr-KO 小鼠动脉粥样硬化形成的主要因素。需要进一步的研究来了解其作用机制。
