Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013 Nov;263 Suppl 2:S197-203. doi: 10.1007/s00406-013-0455-7.
Human-human interactions are of central relevance for the success in professional and occupational environments, which also substantially influence quality of life. This is especially true in the case of individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA), who experience deficits in social cognition that often lead to social exclusion and unemployment. Despite good education and high motivation, individuals with HFA do not reach employment rates that are substantially higher than 50 %. This is an alarmingly high rate of unemployment considering that the United Nations have recently emphasized the inclusion of handicapped persons as a mandatory human right. To date, the specific needs of autistic persons with respect to their working environment are largely unexplored. It remains moreover an open question how support systems and activities, including newly developed communication devices for professional environments of individuals with HFA, should look like. The German health and social care systems are not adequately prepared for the proper support of this population. This leads us to suggest that supported employment programs should be developed for adults with HFA that specifically address their needs and requirements. Such programs should comprise (1) the adequate assessment of HFA, including a neuropsychological profile and an individual matching of persons' preferences with requirements of the working place, (2) on-the-job coaching activities that include systematic communication and interaction training, and (3) instruction of non-autistic peers, including colleagues and supervisors, about weaknesses and strengths of HFA.
人与人之间的互动对于专业和职业环境的成功至关重要，这也极大地影响着生活质量。对于高功能自闭症（HFA）患者来说尤其如此，他们在社会认知方面存在缺陷，这往往导致他们被社会排斥和失业。尽管接受了良好的教育和高度的激励，HFA 患者的就业率仍远低于 50%。考虑到联合国最近强调将残疾人纳入人权作为一项强制性人权，这是一个惊人的高失业率。迄今为止，关于自闭症患者对其工作环境的具体需求，在很大程度上仍未得到探索。此外，如何支持系统和活动，包括为 HFA 患者的专业环境开发新的通信设备，仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。德国的卫生和社会保健系统没有为这一人群提供适当的支持做好充分准备。这促使我们建议为 HFA 成年人制定支持性就业计划，这些计划应专门针对他们的需求和要求。这些计划应包括：（1）对 HFA 进行适当评估，包括神经心理学特征分析以及将个人偏好与工作场所的要求进行匹配；（2）在职辅导活动，包括系统的沟通和互动训练；（3）对非自闭症的同伴进行指导，包括同事和主管，了解 HFA 的弱点和优势。
