Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
S Afr Med J. 2013 Sep 4;103(10):714-5. doi: 10.7196/samj.7189.
Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) prevents tuberculosis (TB) in immunocompetent children <5 years of age after exposure to an infectious TB source case. Routine IPT has been advocated in all HIV-infected children without TB, but has been controversial. Antiretroviral therapy markedly reduces the risk for TB in HIV-infected children, especially when started early in infancy. In HIV-infected children, as in HIV- uninfected children, we recommend post-exposure IPT after each TB exposure episode; but in HIV-infected children, this should be given irrespective of age or antiretroviral therapy. However, evidence for routine IPT without known exposure to TB in HIV-infected children is not convincing and is therefore not recommended.
异烟肼预防治疗（IPT）可预防接触传染性结核源病例后 <5 岁免疫功能正常儿童的结核病（TB）。在所有无结核的 HIV 感染儿童中，常规 IPT 已得到提倡，但存在争议。抗逆转录病毒疗法可显著降低 HIV 感染儿童发生结核病的风险，尤其是在婴儿期早期开始治疗时。在 HIV 感染儿童中，与 HIV 未感染儿童一样，我们建议在每次 TB 暴露后进行暴露后 IPT；但在 HIV 感染儿童中，无论年龄或抗逆转录病毒治疗如何，都应给予 IPT。然而，没有证据表明在 HIV 感染儿童中常规 IPT 对未接触过 TB 的儿童有效，因此不建议常规使用。
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