Davis R A, Cunningham P S
Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Neurosurgery. 1990 Feb;26(2):345-53.
Creative research thought, embodying original ideas that are adaptable and lasting, changes the scholarship and course of neurosurgery, and will be recognized by high citation frequency. Thirty-nine of 50 of the first American neurosurgeons were the first authors of 411 research papers, which were studied by analysis of citations between 1965 and 1979. Of all papers written by these authors between 1896 and 1976, 11% concerned research; this category received 22% of the aggregate of citations. The five research areas that received the largest number of citations were brain tumors (745), central nervous system physiology (279), experimental hydrocephalus (232), increased intracranial pressure (222), and head injury (107). Solutions to these problems were resolved with varying degrees of success. Interest in brain tumor research was reflected by the use of special staining techniques in 30% of these papers. Seventy percent of neurosurgical research papers appeared in clinical journals. The Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry had the largest number of papers and of total citations for journals. The paper cited most often was Dandy's, "Internal Hydrocephalus: An Experimental, Clinical, and Pathological Study." Cushing and Penfield each wrote 3 of the 10 most cited research papers. The most productive research authors were also most often cited. They included Bailey (441), Cushing (431), Penfield (423), Dandy (246), and Davis (158). Among the 50 authors, the percentage of published research papers did not separate the neurosurgeon with laboratory experience from his clinically oriented counterpart with regard to productivity and creativity. The data suggest that neurosurgeons are generally not basic scientists but clinical investigators.
创新性研究思维体现了具有适应性和持久性的原创思想，它改变了神经外科学术研究和发展进程，并将因高被引频次而得到认可。美国首批50位神经外科医生中有39位是411篇研究论文的第一作者，这些论文在1965年至1979年间被用于引文分析研究。在这些作者于1896年至1976年间撰写的所有论文中，11%涉及研究；这一类别获得了总引文中的22%。获得引文数量最多的五个研究领域是脑肿瘤（745次）、中枢神经系统生理学（279次）、实验性脑积水（232次）、颅内压升高（222次）和头部损伤（107次）。这些问题的解决方案取得了不同程度的成功。30%的此类论文使用特殊染色技术，反映了对脑肿瘤研究的兴趣。70%的神经外科研究论文发表在临床期刊上。《神经病学与精神病学档案》发表的论文数量和总引文数在期刊中最多。被引用次数最多的论文是丹迪的《脑积水：一项实验、临床和病理学研究》。库欣和彭菲尔德各自撰写了10篇被引用次数最多的研究论文中的3篇。研究成果最多的作者也最常被引用。他们包括贝利（441次）、库欣（431次）、彭菲尔德（423次）、丹迪（246次）和戴维斯（158次）。在这50位作者中，已发表研究论文的比例在生产力和创造力方面并未将有实验室经验的神经外科医生与以临床为主的同行区分开来。数据表明，神经外科医生总体上不是基础科学家，而是临床研究者。
