São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, n°1515, CP 199, CEP 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
Waste Manag. 2013 Dec;33(12):2752-61. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.09.005. Epub 2013 Sep 29.
The inadequate and indiscriminate disposal of sugarcane vinasse in soils and water bodies has received much attention since decades ago, due to environmental problems associated to this practice. Vinasse is the final by-product of the biomass distillation, mainly for the production of ethanol, from sugar crops (beet and sugarcane), starch crops (corn, wheat, rice, and cassava), or cellulosic material (harvesting crop residues, sugarcane bagasse, and wood). Because of the large quantities of vinasse produced, alternative treatments and uses have been developed, such as recycling of vinasse in fermentation, fertirrigation, concentration by evaporation, and yeast and energy production. This review was aimed at examining the available data on the subject as a contribution to update the information on sugarcane vinasse, from its characteristics and chemical composition to alternatives uses in Brazil: fertirrigation, concentration by evaporation, energy production; the effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties; its influence on seed germination, its use as biostimulant and environmental contaminant. The low pH, electric conductivity, and chemical elements present in sugarcane vinasse may cause changes in the chemical and physical-chemical properties of soils, rivers, and lakes with frequent discharges over a long period of time, and also have adverse effects on agricultural soils and biota in general. Thus, new studies and green methods need to be developed aiming at sugarcane vinasse recycling and disposal.
几十年来，由于与这种做法相关的环境问题，蔗渣在土壤和水体中的不当和滥置一直受到关注。蔗渣是生物质蒸馏的最终副产物，主要用于生产乙醇，原料来自糖料作物（甜菜和甘蔗）、淀粉作物（玉米、小麦、水稻和木薯）或纤维素材料（收获的作物残余物、甘蔗渣和木材）。由于产生了大量的蔗渣，已经开发出了替代处理和用途，例如在发酵、施肥灌溉、蒸发浓缩、酵母和能源生产中回收利用。本综述旨在检查有关该主题的现有数据，为更新巴西的甘蔗渣信息做出贡献：施肥灌溉、蒸发浓缩、能源生产；对土壤物理、化学和生物学特性的影响；对种子发芽的影响，作为生物刺激素和环境污染物的用途。蔗渣的低 pH 值、电导率和所含的化学元素可能会导致土壤、河流和湖泊的化学和物理化学性质发生变化，如果长时间频繁排放，也会对农业土壤和生物区系产生不利影响。因此，需要开发新的研究和绿色方法，以实现蔗渣的回收和处理。
