*Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.; and †Division of Neurosciences Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.
J Clin Neurophysiol. 2013 Oct;30(5):505-16. doi: 10.1097/WNP.0b013e3182a73db9.
Patients with acute alteration in mental status from encephalopathy because of underlying metabolic-toxic or endocrine abnormalities are frequently seen in the acute hospital setting. A rapid diagnosis and correction of the underlying cause is essential as a prolonged state of encephalopathy portends a poor outcome. Correct diagnosis and management remain challenging because several encephalopathies may present similarly, and further laboratory, imaging, or other testing may not always reveal the underlying cause. EEG provides rapid additional information on the encephalopathic patient. It may help establish the diagnosis and is indispensable for identifying nonconvulsive status epilepticus, an important possible complication in this context. The EEG may assist the clinician in gauging the severity of brain dysfunction and may aid in predicting outcome. This review summarizes the current knowledge on EEG findings in selected metabolic and endocrine causes of encephalopathy and highlights distinct EEG features associated with particular etiologies.
在急性医院环境中，经常会遇到由于潜在代谢-中毒或内分泌异常导致的急性精神状态改变的脑病患者。快速诊断和纠正潜在病因至关重要，因为长时间的脑病预示着预后不良。由于几种脑病可能表现相似，并且并非总是进行进一步的实验室、影像学或其他检查以揭示潜在病因，因此正确的诊断和管理仍然具有挑战性。脑电图为脑病患者提供快速的额外信息。它有助于确定诊断，对于识别非惊厥性癫痫持续状态（这种情况下的一种重要潜在并发症）是不可或缺的。脑电图可帮助临床医生评估大脑功能障碍的严重程度，并有助于预测预后。这篇综述总结了脑电图在选定的代谢和内分泌性脑病病因中的发现，并强调了与特定病因相关的独特脑电图特征。
