Department of Molecular Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Biotechnol Adv. 2014 Jan-Feb;32(1):137-57. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.09.011. Epub 2013 Sep 29.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the founder crops of agriculture, and today it is the fourth most important cereal grain worldwide. Barley is used as malt in brewing and distilling industry, as an additive for animal feed, and as a component of various food and bread for human consumption. Progress in stable genetic transformation of barley ensures a potential for improvement of its agronomic performance or use of barley in various biotechnological and industrial applications. Recently, barley grain has been successfully used in molecular farming as a promising bioreactor adapted for production of human therapeutic proteins or animal vaccines. In addition to development of reliable transformation technologies, an extensive amount of various barley genetic resources and tools such as sequence data, microarrays, genetic maps, and databases has been generated. Current status on barley transformation technologies including gene transfer techniques, targets, and progeny stabilization, recent trials for improvement of agricultural traits and performance of barley, especially in relation to increased biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and potential use of barley grain as a protein production platform have been reviewed in this study. Overall, barley represents a promising tool for both agricultural and biotechnological transgenic approaches, and is considered an ancient but rediscovered crop as a model industrial platform for molecular farming.
大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）是农业的主要作物之一，如今它是世界上第四重要的谷物。大麦被用作酿造和蒸馏行业的麦芽，作为动物饲料的添加剂，以及作为各种人类食用食品和面包的成分。大麦稳定遗传转化的进展确保了其农业性能的改进潜力，或在各种生物技术和工业应用中使用大麦的潜力。最近，大麦谷物已成功用于分子农业，作为一种有前途的生物反应器，适用于生产人类治疗性蛋白或动物疫苗。除了开发可靠的转化技术外，还生成了大量各种大麦遗传资源和工具，如序列数据、微阵列、遗传图谱和数据库。本研究综述了大麦转化技术的现状，包括基因转移技术、靶标和后代稳定化，最近改善大麦农业性状和性能的试验，特别是与提高生物和非生物胁迫耐受性有关的试验，以及大麦谷物作为蛋白质生产平台的潜在用途。总的来说，大麦是农业和生物技术转基因方法的一种很有前途的工具，被认为是一种古老但被重新发现的作物，是分子农业的一种模型工业平台。
