Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2014 Jan;28(1):25-35. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.08.017. Epub 2013 Sep 18.
Care for the emotional state of pregnant women remains a neglected aspect of obstetric medicine. Many prospective studies have shown that, if a mother is depressed, anxious, or stressed while pregnant, this increases the risk for her child having a wide range of adverse outcomes, including emotional problems, symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or impaired cognitive development. Although genetics and postnatal care clearly affect these outcomes, evidence for an additional prenatal causal component is substantial. Prenatal anxiety or depression may contribute 10-15% of the attributable load for emotional and behavioural outcomes. The Nurse Family Partnership remains the only intervention that starts in pregnancy and has been shown to have long-term benefits for the behaviour of the child. Several other interventions, however, are likely to be helpful. Depression, anxiety, and stress during pregnancy are frequently undetected by health professionals, and untreated. Programmes to help with this should eventually improve child outcome.
关爱孕妇的情绪状态仍然是产科医学中被忽视的一个方面。许多前瞻性研究表明，如果母亲在怀孕期间感到抑郁、焦虑或压力，那么孩子出现一系列不良后果的风险就会增加，包括情绪问题、注意缺陷多动障碍症状或认知发育受损。尽管遗传和产后护理显然会影响这些结果，但产前因果成分的证据是确凿的。产前焦虑或抑郁可能会导致 10-15%的情绪和行为结果可归因于其发生。母婴互助组织仍然是唯一一种在怀孕期间开始的干预措施，并且已经被证明对儿童的行为有长期益处。然而，其他一些干预措施也可能有帮助。怀孕期间的抑郁、焦虑和压力经常被卫生专业人员忽视和未得到治疗。帮助解决这些问题的方案最终应该会改善儿童的结果。
