Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Pb 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2013 Aug;27(4):531-42. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2013.06.013.
Liver abnormalities are often seen in bowel diseases. Whether these represent aspects of two separate diseases, or if one is causing the other, is not always easy to decide. Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or coeliac disease are frequently observed. Of these extraintestinal manifestations, hepatic disorders are among the most common. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis are the most frequent hepatic disorders in IBD and coeliac disease, respectively. Genetic studies have lately elucidated the associations between IBD and PSC, but there is still a long way until we have complete understanding of the molecular aetiology and pathophysiology of these conditions. There is no curative treatment available for PSC, besides liver transplantation. Steatosis and cholelithiasis are also common in IBD, as are signs of hepatic injury due to IBD treatment. Less common liver abnormalities include liver abscesses, hepatic thromboembolic events, granulomatous liver disease and hepatic amyloidosis.
肝脏异常在肠道疾病中很常见。这些是两种独立疾病的表现，还是一种疾病导致另一种疾病，并不总是容易判断的。炎症性肠病（IBD）或乳糜泻的肠外表现经常观察到。在这些肠外表现中，肝脏疾病是最常见的。原发性硬化性胆管炎（PSC）和原发性胆汁性肝硬化分别是 IBD 和乳糜泻中最常见的肝脏疾病。遗传研究最近阐明了 IBD 和 PSC 之间的关联，但要完全了解这些疾病的分子病因和病理生理学，还有很长的路要走。除了肝移植，PSC 没有有效的治疗方法。脂肪变性和胆石症在 IBD 中也很常见，IBD 治疗引起的肝损伤迹象也是如此。不太常见的肝脏异常包括肝脓肿、肝血栓栓塞事件、肉芽肿性肝病和肝淀粉样变性。
