Price Janet E
Department of Cancer Biology, M.D., Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1070:223-33. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8244-4_17.
Immunodeficient mice are widely used for cancer research as they can provide an in vivo system in which to study the tumorigenicity and metastatic potential of human cancer cells. The athymic or "nude" mouse has been employed for a variety of experimental analyses of tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. This chapter describes two types of experimental design for studying metastasis in vivo. The spontaneous metastasis models assess the ability of cells to disseminate from a local tumor, and are commonly initiated by the injection of the cells into an organ reflecting the tissue of origin of the cancer (orthotopic injection). Models of experimental metastasis evaluate the ability of tumor cells to arrest, extravasate, and grow in various organs following intravascular injection. The appropriate design of animal models using nude mice, and established human tumor cell lines, assists in the generation of novel information about the metastatic phenotype, and provides a valuable, preclinical system for testing anti-metastatic therapies.
免疫缺陷小鼠被广泛用于癌症研究，因为它们可以提供一个体内系统，用于研究人类癌细胞的致瘤性和转移潜力。无胸腺或“裸”小鼠已被用于肿瘤生长、侵袭和转移的各种实验分析。本章描述了两种用于体内研究转移的实验设计。自发转移模型评估细胞从局部肿瘤扩散的能力，通常通过将细胞注射到反映癌症起源组织的器官（原位注射）来启动。实验性转移模型评估肿瘤细胞在血管内注射后在各种器官中停滞、渗出和生长的能力。使用裸鼠和已建立的人类肿瘤细胞系进行动物模型的适当设计，有助于生成有关转移表型的新信息，并为测试抗转移疗法提供一个有价值的临床前系统。
