Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013 Oct;26(4):657-702. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00032-13.
Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus Rickettsia. These zoonoses are among the oldest known vector-borne diseases. However, in the past 25 years, the scope and importance of the recognized tick-associated rickettsial pathogens have increased dramatically, making this complex of diseases an ideal paradigm for the understanding of emerging and reemerging infections. Several species of tick-borne rickettsiae that were considered nonpathogenic for decades are now associated with human infections, and novel Rickettsia species of undetermined pathogenicity continue to be detected in or isolated from ticks around the world. This remarkable expansion of information has been driven largely by the use of molecular techniques that have facilitated the identification of novel and previously recognized rickettsiae in ticks. New approaches, such as swabbing of eschars to obtain material to be tested by PCR, have emerged in recent years and have played a role in describing emerging tick-borne rickettsioses. Here, we present the current knowledge on tick-borne rickettsiae and rickettsioses using a geographic approach toward the epidemiology of these diseases.
蜱传斑疹伤寒是由严格细胞内寄生的立克次体引起的，属于立克次体属斑点热群。这些人畜共患病是已知最古老的虫媒传染病之一。然而，在过去的 25 年中，已识别的蜱相关立克次体病原体的范围和重要性显著增加，使该疾病成为理解新发和再现感染的理想范例。几十年来被认为是非致病性的几种蜱传立克次体现在与人类感染有关，并且在世界各地的蜱中继续检测到或分离出新的具有不确定致病性的立克次氏体。这种信息的显著扩展在很大程度上是由于分子技术的使用，这些技术促进了在蜱中鉴定新的和以前识别的立克次体。近年来出现了一些新方法，例如擦拭焦痂以获得用于 PCR 检测的材料，这些方法在描述新发蜱传斑疹伤寒方面发挥了作用。在这里，我们使用地理方法介绍有关蜱传立克次体和斑疹伤寒的最新知识。
