Lima Nádia Nara Rolim, do Nascimento Vânia Barbosa, de Carvalho Sionara Melo Figueiredo, de Abreu Luiz Carlos, Neto Modesto Leite Rolim, Brasil Aline Quental, Junior Francisco Telésforo Celestino, de Oliveira Gislene Farias, Reis Alberto Olavo Advíncula
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2013;9:1417-25. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S42402. Epub 2013 Sep 19.
As an important public health issue, childhood depression deserves special attention, considering the serious and lasting consequences of the disease to child development. Taking this into consideration, the present study was based on the following question: what practical contributions to clinicians and researchers does the current literature on childhood depression have to offer? The objective of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of articles regarding childhood depression. To accomplish this purpose, a systematic review of articles on childhood depression, published from January 1, 2010 to November 24, 2012, on MEDLINE and SciELO databases was carried out. Search terms were "depression" (medical subject headings [MeSH]), "child" (MeSH), and "childhood depression" (keyword). Of the 180 retrieved studies, 25 met the eligibility criteria. Retrieved studies covered a wide range of aspects regarding childhood depression, such as diagnosis, treatment, prevention and prognosis. Recent scientific literature regarding childhood depression converge to, directly or indirectly, highlight the negative impacts of depressive disorders to the children's quality of life. Unfortunately, the retrieved studies show that childhood depression commonly grows in a background of vulnerability and poverty, where individual and familiar needs concerning childhood depression are not always taken into consideration. In this context, this review demonstrated that childhood-onset depression commonly leads to other psychiatric disorders and co-morbidities. Many of the retrieved studies also confirmed the hypothesis that human resources (eg, health care team in general) are not yet adequately trained to address childhood depression. Thus, further research on the development of programs to prepare health care professionals to deal with childhood depression is needed, as well as complementary studies, with larger and more homogeneous samples, centered on prevention and treatment of childhood depression.
作为一个重要的公共卫生问题，儿童抑郁症值得特别关注，因为该疾病对儿童发育会产生严重且持久的影响。考虑到这一点，本研究基于以下问题展开：当前关于儿童抑郁症的文献能为临床医生和研究人员提供哪些实际贡献？本研究的目的是对有关儿童抑郁症的文章进行系统综述。为实现这一目的，我们对2010年1月1日至2012年11月24日发表在MEDLINE和SciELO数据库上的有关儿童抑郁症的文章进行了系统综述。检索词为“抑郁症”（医学主题词[MeSH]）、“儿童”（MeSH）和“儿童抑郁症”（关键词）。在检索到的180项研究中，有25项符合纳入标准。检索到的研究涵盖了儿童抑郁症的广泛方面，如诊断、治疗、预防和预后。近期有关儿童抑郁症的科学文献直接或间接地趋于强调抑郁症对儿童生活质量的负面影响。不幸的是，检索到的研究表明，儿童抑郁症通常在脆弱和贫困的背景下滋生，在这种背景下，关于儿童抑郁症的个体和家庭需求并不总是得到考虑。在此背景下，本综述表明儿童期起病的抑郁症通常会导致其他精神障碍和共病。许多检索到的研究还证实了这样一个假设，即人力资源（例如，一般的医疗团队）尚未得到充分培训以应对儿童抑郁症。因此，需要进一步开展研究以制定相关项目，使医疗保健专业人员做好应对儿童抑郁症的准备，同时也需要开展补充研究，以更大且更具同质性的样本为中心，聚焦于儿童抑郁症的预防和治疗。
