Tso M O
Ophthalmology. 1985 May;92(5):628-35. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(85)33992-1.
In order to explore the pathogenetic factors of aging macular degeneration, risk factors from epidemiologic studies and causative factors from clinical and laboratory studies were reviewed. From the epidemiologic studies, the risk factors of senile macular degeneration included: personal characteristics such as age, sex, race, height, family history, and strength of hand grip; ocular characteristics such as hyperopia, color of iris and senile cataract; and systemic diseases and environmental exposure such as cardiovascular diseases, smoking, lung infections, and chemical exposures. The causative factors suggested from clinical and laboratory studies include: drusen, choroidal vascular diseases, photic injury, and vitamin C deficiency. It is postulated that aging macular degeneration is a multifactorial syndrome. Different etiologic factors may inflict damaging effect on the macula, resulting in a common set of clinical manifestations that are interpreted as aging macular degeneration.
为了探究老年性黄斑变性的发病因素，我们回顾了流行病学研究中的危险因素以及临床和实验室研究中的致病因素。从流行病学研究来看，老年性黄斑变性的危险因素包括：个人特征，如年龄、性别、种族、身高、家族史和握力；眼部特征，如远视、虹膜颜色和老年性白内障；以及全身性疾病和环境暴露，如心血管疾病、吸烟、肺部感染和化学暴露。临床和实验室研究提示的致病因素包括：玻璃膜疣、脉络膜血管疾病、光损伤和维生素C缺乏。据推测，老年性黄斑变性是一种多因素综合征。不同的病因可能对黄斑造成损害，导致一系列共同的临床表现，这些表现被解释为老年性黄斑变性。
