Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2013 Dec;25(6):769-74. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2013.09.002. Epub 2013 Oct 3.
New allergic diseases can 'emerge' because of exposure to a novel antigen, because the immune responsiveness of the subject changes, or because of a change in the behavior of the population. Novel antigens have entered the environment as new pests in the home (e.g., Asian lady beetle or stink bugs), in the diet (e.g., prebiotics or wheat isolates), or because of the spread of a biting arthropod (e.g., ticks). Over the last few years, a significant new disease has been identified, which has changed the paradigm for food allergy. Bites of the tick, Amblyomma americanum, are capable of inducing IgE antibodies to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose, which is associated with two novel forms of anaphylaxis. In a large area of the southeastern United States, the disease of delayed anaphylaxis to mammalian meat is now common. This disease challenges many previous rules about food allergy and provides a striking model of an emerging allergic disease.
新的过敏性疾病可能会“出现”，原因是接触了新的抗原，或是因为宿主的免疫应答发生改变，或者是因为人群行为的改变。新的抗原可能通过以下途径进入环境：家中新出现的害虫（例如亚洲丽金龟或臭虫）、饮食中（例如，益生元或小麦分离物），或者因为吸血节肢动物（例如蜱）的传播。在过去几年中，已经确定了一种重要的新疾病，它改变了食物过敏的模式。美国花蜱叮咬能够诱导产生针对半乳糖-α-1,3-半乳糖的 IgE 抗体，这与两种新型过敏反应有关。在美国东南部的一个大区域，现在很常见的是对哺乳动物肉的延迟过敏反应性疾病。这种疾病对许多以前关于食物过敏的规则提出了挑战，并提供了一个新出现的过敏性疾病的惊人模型。
