Ecological Exposure Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2014 Jan;184:354-9. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.09.013. Epub 2013 Oct 3.
We measured concentrations of 56 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in effluent samples from 50 large wastewater treatment plants across the US. Hydrochlorothiazide was found in every sample. Metoprolol, atenolol, and carbamazepine were found in over 90% of the samples. Valsartan had the highest concentration (5300 ng/L), and also had the highest average concentration (1600 ng/L) across all 50 samples. Estimates of potential risks to healthy human adults were greatest for six anti-hypertensive APIs (lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, valsartan, atenolol, enalaprilat, and metoprolol), but nevertheless suggest risks of exposure to individual APIs as well as their mixtures are generally very low. Estimates of potential risks to aquatic life were also low for most APIs, but suggest more detailed study of potential ecological impacts from four analytes (sertraline, propranolol, desmethylsertraline, and valsartan).
我们测量了美国 50 家大型污水处理厂的污水样本中的 56 种活性药物成分 (API) 的浓度。每个样本中都发现了氢氯噻嗪。超过 90%的样本中都发现了美托洛尔、阿替洛尔和卡马西平。缬沙坦的浓度最高 (5300ng/L)，在所有 50 个样本中的平均浓度也最高 (1600ng/L)。对于六种降压 API（赖诺普利、氢氯噻嗪、缬沙坦、阿替洛尔、依那普利拉和美托洛尔），对健康成年人类的潜在风险估计最大，但仍然表明接触个别 API 及其混合物的风险通常非常低。对于大多数 API，对水生生物的潜在风险估计也较低，但建议对四种分析物（舍曲林、普萘洛尔、去甲舍曲林和缬沙坦）的潜在生态影响进行更详细的研究。
