Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Biotechnol Adv. 2013 Dec;31(8):1786-95. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.09.012. Epub 2013 Oct 3.
Chitinases, the enzymes responsible for the biological degradation of chitin, are found in a wide range of organisms from bacteria to higher plants and animals. They participate in numerous physiological processes such as nutrition, parasitism, morphogenesis and immunity. Many organisms, in addition to chitinases, produce inactive chitinase-like lectins that despite lacking enzymatic activity are involved in several regulatory functions. Most known chitinases belong to families 18 and 19 of glycosyl hydrolases, however a few chitinases that belong to families 23 and 48 have also been identified in recent years. In this review, different aspects of chitinases and chi-lectins from bacteria, fungi, insects, plants and mammals are discussed.
几丁质酶是负责生物降解几丁质的酶，存在于从细菌到高等植物和动物等各种生物中。它们参与许多生理过程，如营养、寄生、形态发生和免疫。除几丁质酶外，许多生物还产生无活性的几丁质酶样凝集素，尽管没有酶活性，但参与了几种调节功能。大多数已知的几丁质酶属于糖苷水解酶家族 18 和 19，但近年来也发现了一些属于家族 23 和 48 的几丁质酶。在这篇综述中，讨论了来自细菌、真菌、昆虫、植物和哺乳动物的几丁质酶和 chi-lectins 的不同方面。
