University of Leeds, Institute of Psychological Sciences, Leeds LS2 9JT, England, United Kingdom.
Appetite. 2013 Dec;71:430-7. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.09.026. Epub 2013 Oct 3.
Dietary restraint is known to break down in the face of tempting foods. Previous research suggests exposure to cues associated with slimming such as images or odours act as prompts to restrict intake of a tempting snack in dieters. The effects of consuming diet-congruent foods on subsequent intake of a meal have not yet been investigated. Thus, using a repeated measures design 26 female participants (dieters or non-dieters) consumed a diet-congruent (100 kcal salad), hedonic (100 kcal garlic bread) or neutral (0 kcal water) preload. A lexical decision task measured the salience of diet and hedonic thoughts and participants were then offered pizza as a main meal. Appetite sensations were measured throughout the study. Compared to the hedonic and neutral preload, a diet-congruent preload reduced dieters' entire meal intake by 21%. In contrast, non-dieters consumed 9% more in the hedonic preload condition compared to the neutral preload, yet showed no differences between the diet-congruent and other conditions. Salad lowered participants desire to eat and increased fullness compared to garlic bread and water preloads. Dieters were also less hungry after the salad compared to the garlic bread and water preloads. Consuming a diet-congruent first course may prompt lower intake at a meal, in part due to facilitating resolve to refrain from overeating a tempting second course.
节食在面对诱人的食物时往往会失败。先前的研究表明，接触到与减肥相关的线索，如图像或气味，会促使节食者限制诱人零食的摄入量。然而，目前还没有研究过食用与饮食一致的食物对随后进餐摄入量的影响。因此，本研究采用重复测量设计，让 26 名女性参与者（节食者或非节食者）分别食用与饮食一致（100 卡路里的沙拉）、愉快（100 卡路里的蒜蓉面包）或中性（0 卡路里的水）的预餐。词汇决策任务测量了饮食和愉快想法的突出性，然后参与者被提供比萨饼作为主餐。在整个研究过程中测量了食欲感。与愉快和中性预餐相比，与饮食一致的预餐使节食者的整个进餐摄入量减少了 21%。相比之下，与中性预餐相比，非节食者在愉快预餐条件下多摄入了 9%，但在与饮食一致的预餐和其他条件之间没有差异。与蒜蓉面包和水预餐相比，沙拉降低了参与者的进食欲望和饱腹感。与蒜蓉面包和水预餐相比，食用沙拉后，节食者的饥饿感也有所降低。首先食用与饮食一致的第一道菜可能会促使进餐时的摄入量减少，部分原因是它有助于坚定决心，避免过度食用第二道诱人的菜。
