Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America ; Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2013 Sep 30;8(9):e76121. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076121. eCollection 2013.
Dry eye disease affects women twice as often as men, but there is little information on whether dry eye treatments, treatment satisfaction, or the impact of dry eye disease on patients' lives and vision might differ by sex.
Questionnaire survey of 4000 participants in the Women's Health Study and the Physicians' Health Studies I and II with a prior report of a diagnosis of DED.
Among participants who re-confirmed a diagnosis of dry eye disease, we assessed symptoms, treatments, patient satisfaction and impact of dry eye disease, and analyzed differences between men and women using regression models.
The final study population consisted of 1,518 women (mean age 70.7 years) and 581 men (mean age 76.7 years), with a mean reported duration of dry eye disease of 10.5 years and 10.1 years, respectively. The frequency and severity of dry eye disease symptoms were higher among women (each P<0.0001), and women reported a greater impact on everyday activities (P<0.0001). Women were more likely to use artificial tears (P<0.0001) use them more often (P<0.0001), and to use Restasis® (P<0.0001), omega-3 fatty acids (P=0.0006), and have punctal occlusion (P=0.005). Women spent more money per month on dry eye treatments (P<0.0001), but reported greater dissatisfaction with treatment side effects (P=0.001), and the amount of time before treatments started working (P=0.03).
These data show that dry eye disease is generally experienced as being more severe among women, having a greater impact on their self-assessed well-being.
干眼症的女性发病率是男性的两倍，但关于干眼症的治疗方法、治疗满意度以及干眼症对患者生活和视力的影响是否存在性别差异，相关信息十分有限。
对 Women's Health Study 和 Physicians' Health Studies I 和 II 中的 4000 名参与者进行问卷调查，这些参与者先前均被诊断为 DED。
在重新确诊为干眼症的参与者中，我们评估了症状、治疗方法、患者满意度以及干眼症的影响，并使用回归模型分析了男性和女性之间的差异。
最终的研究人群包括 1518 名女性（平均年龄 70.7 岁）和 581 名男性（平均年龄 76.7 岁），干眼症的平均报告持续时间分别为 10.5 年和 10.1 年。女性的干眼症症状频率和严重程度更高（均 P<0.0001），并且对日常活动的影响更大（P<0.0001）。女性更倾向于使用人工泪液（P<0.0001），使用频率更高（P<0.0001），并且更常使用 Restasis®（P<0.0001）、ω-3 脂肪酸（P=0.0006）和进行泪小点封闭（P=0.005）。女性每月在干眼症治疗上的花费更多（P<0.0001），但对治疗副作用的不满程度更高（P=0.001），并且治疗起效所需的时间更长（P=0.03）。
这些数据表明，女性普遍认为干眼症更为严重，对其自我评估的幸福感影响更大。
