Department of Psychology.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013 Dec;21(6):434-42. doi: 10.1037/a0033966. Epub 2013 Oct 7.
Correlational research suggests that smoking increases risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), though such research by nature cannot rule out third variable explanations for this relationship. The present study used an analogue trauma film design to experimentally test the effects of nicotine on the occurrence of intrusive memories. Fifty-four healthy nonsmokers were randomly assigned to ingest either a nicotine or placebo lozenge before viewing a film depicting motor vehicle accidents. Participants recorded intrusive memories immediately after the film and for a week via diary. Participants in the nicotine condition reported significantly more intrusive memories immediately after watching the film, yet no group differences emerged on intrusions or intrusion-related distress reported during the following week. Among participants low in dispositional rumination, those who had ingested a nicotine lozenge reported more intrusions in the subsequent week than those in the placebo condition. These findings provide novel experimental evidence for the role of nicotine in increasing risk of PTSD and suggest that nicotine may contribute to trauma-related rumination but not heightened reactivity to trauma cues.
相关性研究表明，吸烟会增加患创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的风险，但这类研究本质上无法排除该关系存在第三种变量的解释。本研究采用模拟创伤电影设计，实验测试了尼古丁对侵入性记忆发生的影响。54 名健康的不吸烟者在观看描述机动车事故的电影前，随机被分配摄入尼古丁或安慰剂锭剂。参与者在观看电影后立即通过日记记录侵入性记忆，并在接下来的一周内进行记录。尼古丁组的参与者在观看电影后立即报告有更多的侵入性记忆，但在接下来的一周内，两组在侵入性记忆或与侵入性记忆相关的痛苦方面没有出现差异。在特质性沉思程度较低的参与者中，那些摄入尼古丁锭剂的人在接下来的一周内报告的侵入性记忆比安慰剂组多。这些发现为尼古丁在增加 PTSD 风险方面的作用提供了新的实验证据，并表明尼古丁可能会导致与创伤相关的沉思，但不会增加对创伤线索的反应性。
