aJoslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts bDepartment of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2013 Nov;29(6):603-7. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e328365d38f.
To present and evaluate the recent findings that contribute to our understanding of the functional impact of diet on the enteric microbiome and outcomes of disease.
Nutrients in excess and in deficiency have significant impact on gut microbial communities in both rodents and humans, acting directly on the microbiota or indirectly via altering host physiology. Furthermore, the effects of diet on the microbiome in determining health or disease can differ substantially depending on the age and environment of the individual.
Dietary compounds can have profound short-term and long-term effects on the assemblage of the gut microbiome, which in turn affects the host-microbe interactions critically important for intestinal, metabolic, and immune homeostasis. Until recently, the mechanisms underlying these effects were poorly understood. However, new insights have now been gained, made possible through the application of advanced technologies and bioinformatics, novel experimental models, and human research. As a result, our conceptual framework for understanding the impact of diet on the gut microbiome, health, and disease has advanced considerably, bringing the promise of better tools of risk assessment, diagnostics, and therapeutic intervention in an age of personalized medicine.
介绍和评估最近的研究结果，这些结果有助于我们理解饮食对肠道微生物组的功能影响以及疾病的结果。
在啮齿动物和人类中，过量和缺乏的营养素对肠道微生物群落有显著影响，它们直接作用于微生物群，或通过改变宿主生理间接作用。此外，饮食对微生物组在确定健康或疾病方面的影响在很大程度上取决于个体的年龄和环境。
膳食化合物对肠道微生物组的组合具有深远的短期和长期影响，进而影响对肠道、代谢和免疫稳态至关重要的宿主-微生物相互作用。直到最近，这些影响的机制还了解甚少。然而，通过应用先进的技术和生物信息学、新型实验模型和人类研究，现在已经获得了新的见解。因此，我们对饮食影响肠道微生物组、健康和疾病的概念框架有了很大的进展，有望在个性化医疗时代带来更好的风险评估、诊断和治疗干预工具。
