Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
Nutr Rev. 2012 Aug;70 Suppl 1:S10-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00499.x.
Diet-derived carbohydrates that are not fully digested in the upper gut, known as nondigestible carbohydrates, provide a major source of energy for bacteria that colonize the human large intestine. It is well established that dietary intake of nondigestible carbohydrates influences microbial fermentation and total bacterial numbers in the colon. Recent evidence from molecular ecology has also shown that the amount and type of nondigestible carbohydrates (e.g., resistant starch, non-starch polysaccharides, and prebiotics) influences the species composition of the intestinal microbiota both in short-term dietary interventions and in response to habitual long-term dietary intake. Interindividual variation in gut microbiota may, in part, reflect differences in dietary intake, but the response of the gut microbiota to dietary change can also differ among individuals. As a better understanding is gained of the impact of different groups of bacteria on host metabolism, the ability to manipulate the microbiota through diet should provide a route for delivering health benefits.
饮食中未在上消化道完全消化的碳水化合物，称为不可消化碳水化合物，为定植于人体大肠的细菌提供了主要能量来源。饮食中不可消化碳水化合物的摄入会影响大肠中的微生物发酵和总细菌数量，这一点已得到充分证实。最近的分子生态学研究也表明，不可消化碳水化合物的数量和类型（例如抗性淀粉、非淀粉多糖和益生元）会影响肠道微生物群落的物种组成，无论是短期饮食干预还是长期习惯性饮食摄入都会产生影响。肠道微生物群的个体间差异可能部分反映了饮食摄入的差异，但个体对饮食变化的肠道微生物群的反应也可能不同。随着人们对不同细菌群落在宿主代谢中的影响有了更好的了解，通过饮食来操纵微生物群的能力应该为提供健康益处提供了一种途径。
