Van der Stoep Nathan, Nijboer Tanja C W, Van der Stigchel Stefan
Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
Psychon Bull Rev. 2014 Jun;21(3):708-14. doi: 10.3758/s13423-013-0532-y.
The aim of the present study was to investigate exogenous crossmodal orienting of attention in three-dimensional (3-D) space. Most studies in which the orienting of attention has been examined in 3-D space concerned either exogenous intramodal or endogenous crossmodal attention. Evidence for exogenous crossmodal orienting of attention in depth is lacking. Endogenous and exogenous attention are behaviorally different, suggesting that they are two different mechanisms. We used the orthogonal spatial-cueing paradigm and presented auditory exogenous cues at one of four possible locations in near or far space before the onset of a visual target. Cues could be presented at the same (valid) or at a different (invalid) depth from the target (radial validity), and on the same (valid) or on a different (invalid) side (horizontal validity), whereas we blocked the depth at which visual targets were presented. Next to an overall validity effect (valid RTs < invalid RTs) in horizontal space, we observed an interaction between the horizontal and radial validity of the cue: The horizontal validity effect was present only when the cue and the target were presented at the same depth. No horizontal validity effect was observed when the cue and the target were presented at different depths. These results suggest that exogenous crossmodal attention is "depth-aware," and they are discussed in the context of the supramodal hypothesis of attention.
本研究的目的是探究三维（3-D）空间中外源性跨模态注意定向。在三维空间中研究注意定向的大多数研究涉及外源性模态内注意或内源性跨模态注意。缺乏深度方面外源性跨模态注意定向的证据。内源性和外源性注意在行为上有所不同，这表明它们是两种不同的机制。我们使用正交空间线索范式，在视觉目标出现之前，在近空间或远空间的四个可能位置之一呈现听觉外源性线索。线索可以与目标处于相同（有效）或不同（无效）深度（径向有效性），并且在相同（有效）或不同（无效）侧（水平有效性）呈现，而我们固定了视觉目标呈现的深度。除了在水平空间存在整体有效性效应（有效反应时 < 无效反应时）之外，我们还观察到线索的水平有效性和径向有效性之间的相互作用：只有当线索和目标在相同深度呈现时，水平有效性效应才存在。当线索和目标在不同深度呈现时，未观察到水平有效性效应。这些结果表明外源性跨模态注意是“深度感知的”，并在注意的超模态假设背景下进行了讨论。
