儿童（10-12 岁）的盐摄入量及其通过在学校花园中的积极劳作实践进行的调整。

Salt intake in children 10-12 years old and its modification by active working practices in a school garden.

机构信息

aCenter for the Research and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk, Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, Guimarães bLife and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga cICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães dProfessora da Escola E.B.2,3 João de Meira, Bióloga, Mestre em Educação Ambiental, Guimarães eInstituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto fFaculdade de Medicina, Universidade Porto, Oporto, Portugal.

出版信息

J Hypertens. 2013 Oct;31(10):1966-71. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328363572f.

DOI:10.1097/HJH.0b013e328363572f

PMID:24107730

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study was to evaluate the 24-h urinary sodium excretion in children of 10-12 years at a school in the north of Portugal and to examine the influence on salt intake and blood pressure of three different educational interventions for 6 months.

METHODS

Blood pressure (BP) and sodium excretion in 24-h urinary samples (UNa) validated with urinary creatinine were measured in 155 children 10-12 years old belonging to nine classes at baseline and after 6 months of three educational interventions in students from three classes each after parents consent was obtained. Interventions consisted in no additional action [control (CTR)], weekly lessons about the dangers of high salt intake [Theoretical (THEOR)] and both lessons and working practices in the school garden of planting, collection of herbs for salt substitution at home [practical (PRACT)].

RESULTS

At baseline 139 students (76 girls and 63 boys) were eligible showing average 24-h UNa of 132±43 mmol/24 h (mean salt intake of 7.8±2.5 g per day) and BP of 118/62 (13/9) mmHg that did not correlate to each other. At the end of the study, versus baseline, BP decreased by 8.2/6.5 mmHg in CTR (n=31), by 3.8/0.6 mmHg in THEOR (n=43) and by 3.5/0.7 mmHg in PRACT (n=53) and salt intake was reduced by 0.4±2.4 g per day in CTR, by 0.6±3.2 g per day in THEOR and by 1.1±2.5 g per day in PRACT. It was observed that salt intake variation was not independent of the group (CRT, THEOR and PRACT) (χ, 9.982, P=0.041). Salt intake was significantly reduced only in the PRACT group (1.1 g per day) and in the PRACT group the percentage of children who reduced salt intake by at least 1g per day from baseline to the end of the study was significantly higher (50.9%) than that of the other groups, THEOR, 48.8% and CTR, 32.2%.

CONCLUSION

Our data indicates that children 10-12 years old have a high salt intake that is well above the proposed recommendations and that a strategy based on theoretical and practical education may achieve in some children an important reduction in daily salt intake which, if maintained over time, may assume important public health implications. These results suggest that in those children a more complete theoretical and practical intervention is more productive and efficient towards reduction of salt intake than single theoretical or no intervention.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在评估葡萄牙北部一所学校 10-12 岁儿童的 24 小时尿钠排泄量，并探讨三种不同的教育干预措施对 6 个月内盐摄入量和血压的影响。

方法

在获得家长同意后，对来自三个班级的 155 名 10-12 岁儿童进行了为期 6 个月的三项教育干预措施，在基线和干预结束时测量了他们的血压（BP）和 24 小时尿样（UNa）中的钠排泄量（用尿肌酐进行验证）。干预措施包括不采取任何额外措施[对照组（CTR）]、每周上关于高盐摄入危害的课程[理论（THEOR）]以及在学校花园种植和收集草药以替代家庭用盐，同时进行实践课程[实践（PRACT）]。

结果

在基线时，共有 139 名学生（76 名女生和 63 名男生）符合条件，平均 24 小时 UNa 为 132±43 mmol/24 h（平均盐摄入量为 7.8±2.5 g/天），BP 为 118/62（13/9）mmHg，两者之间无相关性。在研究结束时，与基线相比，CTR 组的 BP 下降了 8.2/6.5 mmHg（n=31），THEOR 组下降了 3.8/0.6 mmHg（n=43），PRACT 组下降了 3.5/0.7 mmHg（n=53），盐摄入量减少了 0.4±2.4 g/天，THEOR 组减少了 0.6±3.2 g/天，PRACT 组减少了 1.1±2.5 g/天。研究发现，盐摄入量的变化与组（CTR、THEOR 和 PRACT）无关（χ²，9.982，P=0.041）。只有在 PRACT 组中盐摄入量显著减少（每天 1.1 克），而且 PRACT 组中从基线到研究结束时至少减少 1 克盐摄入量的儿童比例（50.9%）明显高于其他组（THEOR，48.8%；CTR，32.2%）。