Assistant Professor, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions and School of Medicine, Department of Family Practice, Creighton University, Omaha, NE.
Phys Sportsmed. 2013 Sep;41(3):50-7. doi: 10.3810/psm.2013.09.2024.
Asthma affects millions of individuals worldwide. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction is common in patients diagnosed with asthma, but may also occur in patients without chronic asthma. Patients with isolated exercise-induced bronchoconstriction may require pretreatment with inhaled short-acting β-agonists prior to exercise. Patients diagnosed with asthma can achieve good control of the symptoms of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction with appropriate treatment of underlying chronic asthma. Current guidelines suggest staging patients with asthma based on severity of symptoms and initiating therapy according to their stage. Pharmacotherapy for asthma management consists of both quick-relief medications (short-acting β-agonists) as well as maintenance, or long-term control, medications (inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting β-agonists, leukotriene receptor antagonists, cromolyn, and theophylline).
哮喘影响着全球数以百万计的人。运动诱发性支气管收缩在被诊断患有哮喘的患者中很常见，但也可能发生在没有慢性哮喘的患者中。患有孤立性运动诱发性支气管收缩的患者可能需要在运动前预先吸入短效β-激动剂。诊断为哮喘的患者可以通过适当治疗潜在的慢性哮喘来实现对运动诱发性支气管收缩症状的良好控制。目前的指南建议根据症状的严重程度对哮喘患者进行分期，并根据其分期启动治疗。哮喘管理的药物治疗包括急救药物（短效β-激动剂）和维持或长期控制药物（吸入皮质类固醇、长效β-激动剂、白三烯受体拮抗剂、色甘酸钠和茶碱）。
