Harvard University.
Transcult Psychiatry. 2013 Oct;50(5):607-21. doi: 10.1177/1363461513506529.
This article provides an introduction to the thematic issue of Transcultural Psychiatry on local responses to trauma. To illustrate how local responses to trauma may be therapeutic, we consider the multiple dimensions or domains that may be targeted by healing rituals and interventions. We then outline a theoretical model of the generation of trauma-related symptoms and distress. We present the multiplex model of symptom generation which posits multiple cognitive, social, and physiological mechanisms by which various triggers can lead to severe distress among trauma victims in acute episodes, and which may be targeted in treatment. More persistent forms of distress can be explained in terms of the effects of persistent mood states and associated modes of cognitive processing and behavior that render individuals vulnerable to chronic symptoms and acute exacerbations. The beneficial effects of healing rituals and interventions may occur, in part, by inducing positive affective states associated with a flexible mind-set. We conclude by summarizing some of the contributions of the papers in this issue to understanding local therapeutic processes of healing.
这篇文章介绍了《跨文化精神病学》特刊的主题,即针对创伤的本土应对措施。为了说明本土应对创伤的方法何以具有疗愈作用,我们探讨了治疗仪式和干预措施可能针对的多个维度或领域。接着,我们概述了一个与创伤相关症状和困扰产生有关的理论模型。我们提出了症状产生的多重模型,该模型假设了多种认知、社会和生理机制,通过这些机制,各种触发因素可能导致创伤受害者在急性发作期间产生严重困扰,而这些机制在治疗中可能是有针对性的。更持久的困扰形式可以用持续的情绪状态以及与之相关的认知处理和行为模式的影响来解释,这些模式使个体容易受到慢性症状和急性加重的影响。治疗仪式和干预措施的有益效果可能部分是通过诱导与灵活思维模式相关的积极情感状态而产生的。最后,我们总结了本期特刊中一些文章对理解本土疗愈过程的贡献。