Cubellis Lauren
Department of Anthropology, Campus Box 1114, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Cult Med Psychiatry. 2018 Sep;42(3):628-646. doi: 10.1007/s11013-018-9577-8.
What does it mean to offer care when the act of caring is wounding to its giver? For peer specialists-individuals with lived experience as patients in the psychiatric system-this question shapes how they use their own histories to provide support for individuals experiencing psychiatric crisis. Peer support is unique in the way it draws on empathetic resonance and depends on carefully deployed vulnerability; where one connects with others through the recognition of shared experience and mutual hurt. For peers, care works when this guidance, reassurance, and "being with"-all of which draw upon their own stories of traumatic history and variegated suffering-mitigate the present crisis being experienced by another. Drawing on twenty-eight months of fieldwork with a peer-staffed crisis respite center in the eastern United States, I argue that the peer specialist becomes the embodiment of a novel intersection of intimacy and compensation; one that poses vulnerability not as a consequence, casualty, or risk factor in the commodification of care, but as its principle vector of resonance and the assumption on which it is based. For peers, care that works-in that it creates a mutual resonance for the recipient-becomes simultaneously care that wounds its giver.
当关怀行为对给予者造成伤害时,提供关怀意味着什么?对于同伴专家——那些在精神科系统中有过患者亲身经历的人来说,这个问题塑造了他们如何利用自己的经历为经历精神危机的人提供支持。同伴支持的独特之处在于它利用同理心共鸣,并依赖于谨慎展现的脆弱性;在这种方式中,一个人通过对共同经历和相互伤害的认知与他人建立联系。对于同伴来说,当这种指导、安慰和“陪伴”——所有这些都借鉴了他们自己创伤历史和多样痛苦的故事——减轻了另一个人正在经历的当前危机时,关怀就起作用了。基于在美国东部一个由同伴工作人员组成的危机缓解中心进行的28个月的实地调查,我认为同伴专家成为了亲密与补偿这一新颖交集的化身;在这种交集中,脆弱性并非关怀商品化过程中的结果、受害者或风险因素,而是其共鸣的主要载体以及关怀所基于的假设。对于同伴来说,起作用的关怀——即它为接受者创造了一种相互共鸣——同时也成为了伤害给予者的关怀。