Sykova Eva, Forostyak Serhiy
Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic ; Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, Prague, 15006, Czech Republic.
Laser Ther. 2013;22(2):87-92. doi: 10.3136/islsm.22.87. Epub 2013 Mar 31.
A number of cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal and other diseases have a limited capacity for repair and only a modest progress has been made in treatment of brain diseases. The discovery of stem cells has opened new possibilities for the treatment of these maladies, and cell therapy now stands at the cutting-edge of modern regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Experimental data and the first clinical trials employing stem cells have shown their broad therapeutic potential and have brought hope to patients suffering from devastating pathologies of different organs and systems.
Here, we briefly review the main achievements and trends in cell-based therapy, with an emphasis on the main types of stem cells: embryonic, mesenchymal stromal and induced pluripotent cells.
Many questions regarding the application of stem cells remain unanswered, particularly tumorigenicity, immune rejection and danger of gene manipulation. Currently, only MSC seems to be safe and might be considered to be a leading candidate for human application to treat pathologies that affect the cardiovascular, neurological and musculoskeletal systems.
许多心血管、神经、肌肉骨骼及其他疾病的修复能力有限，在脑部疾病的治疗方面仅取得了些许进展。干细胞的发现为这些疾病的治疗开辟了新的可能性，细胞疗法如今处于现代再生医学和组织工程的前沿。实验数据以及采用干细胞的首批临床试验已显示出其广泛的治疗潜力，并给患有不同器官和系统毁灭性疾病的患者带来了希望。
在此，我们简要回顾基于细胞的治疗的主要成就和趋势，重点关注干细胞的主要类型：胚胎干细胞、间充质基质细胞和诱导多能干细胞。
关于干细胞应用的许多问题仍未得到解答，尤其是致瘤性、免疫排斥和基因操作风险。目前，似乎只有间充质基质细胞是安全的，可能被视为人类应用于治疗影响心血管、神经和肌肉骨骼系统疾病的主要候选细胞。
