Mikolajczak S, Streicher B, Luers J C, Beutner D, Lang-Roth R
Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie, Uniklinik Köln, Gebäude 23, 50924, Köln, Deutschland,
HNO. 2013 Dec;61(12):1032-7. doi: 10.1007/s00106-013-2770-8.
After cochlear implantation, most parents expect a normal speech and general development of their child. However, it remains unclear how quickly after early cochlear implantation these children can compensate for their deficits compared to normal-hearing children.
This study retrospectively analyzed ELFRA-1 questionnaire data from 40 children with borderline deafness or high-grade hearing loss (without other known impairments) who had undergone cochlear implantation at a university medical center before reaching 2 years of age. ELFRA-1 questionnaires were filled out parents assisted by specialists 12 months after implantation. Questions assessed the children's speech production and comprehension, as well as their use of gestures and fine motoric skills.
At an average hearing-age of 12 months, the children achieved normal values in all of the subgroups that were comparable to those of 12-month-old children without hearing impairments. A significant correlation (p = 0.01) between the individual subgroups of the ELFRA-1 (speech production, speech comprehension, gestures and fine motor skills) was observed. Unilingual educated children performed significantly better overall.
Within 12 months of receiving a cochlear implant, all children passed the four categories of the ELFRA-1. This demonstrates a rapid compensation of deficits in speech, motor skills and gesture development by children undergoing early cochlear implantation.
人工耳蜗植入后，大多数家长期望孩子能有正常的语言和全面发展。然而，与听力正常的儿童相比，早期人工耳蜗植入后这些孩子能多快弥补其缺陷仍不清楚。
本研究回顾性分析了40名临界性耳聋或重度听力损失（无其他已知损伤）儿童的ELFRA - 1问卷数据，这些儿童在2岁前于一所大学医学中心接受了人工耳蜗植入。ELFRA - 1问卷由专家协助家长在植入后12个月填写。问题评估了儿童的言语表达和理解能力，以及他们对手势和精细运动技能的运用。
在平均听力年龄为12个月时，这些儿童在所有亚组中均达到了与12个月大听力正常儿童相当的正常值。观察到ELFRA - 1各亚组（言语表达、言语理解、手势和精细运动技能）之间存在显著相关性（p = 0.01）。接受单语教育的儿童总体表现明显更好。
在接受人工耳蜗植入后的12个月内，所有儿童均通过了ELFRA - 1的四个类别。这表明早期接受人工耳蜗植入的儿童在言语、运动技能和手势发展方面的缺陷得到了快速弥补。
