Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Nanotechnology. 2013 Nov 22;24(46):462001. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/46/462001. Epub 2013 Oct 24.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive imaging technique capable of obtaining high-resolution anatomical images of the body. Major drawbacks of MRI are the low contrast agent sensitivity and inability to distinguish healthy tissue from diseased tissue, making early detection challenging. To address this technological hurdle, paramagnetic contrast agents have been developed to increase the longitudinal relaxivity, leading to an increased signal-to-noise ratio. This review focuses on methods and principles that enabled the design and engineering of nanoparticles to deliver contrast agents with enhanced ionic relaxivities. Different engineering strategies and nanoparticle platforms will be compared in terms of their manufacturability, biocompatibility properties, and their overall potential to make an impact in clinical MR imaging.
磁共振成像（MRI）是一种非侵入性的成像技术，能够获得身体的高分辨率解剖图像。MRI 的主要缺点是对比剂灵敏度低，无法区分健康组织和患病组织，因此早期检测具有挑战性。为了解决这一技术难题，已经开发出顺磁对比剂来提高纵向弛豫率，从而提高信噪比。本综述重点介绍了设计和工程纳米颗粒以输送具有增强离子弛豫率的对比剂的方法和原理。将根据其可制造性、生物相容性特性以及在临床磁共振成像中产生影响的整体潜力，对不同的工程策略和纳米颗粒平台进行比较。
