人们认为自己本质上是好是坏。
People Believe That They Are Prototypically Good or Bad.
作者信息
Roy Michael M, Liersch Michael J, Broomell Stephen
机构信息
Elizabethtown College ; North-West University, Potchefstroom.
出版信息
Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 2013 Nov 1;122(2):200-213. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2013.07.004.
People have been shown to view their beliefs as being prototypical (modal) but their abilities as (falsely) unique (above or below average). It is possible that these two viewpoints - self as prototypical and self as unique - can be reconciled. If the distribution of ability for a given skill is skewed such that many others have high (low) ability and few others have low (high) ability, it is possible that a majority of peoples' self-assessments can be above (below) average. Participants in 5 studies demonstrated an understanding that various skills have skewed ability distributions and their self-assessments were related to distribution shape: high when negatively skewed and low when positively skewed. Further, participants tended to place themselves near the mode of their perceived skill distribution. Participants were most likely to think that they were good at skills for which they thought that most others were also good.
研究表明，人们认为自己的信念是典型的（模式化的），但认为自己的能力是（错误地）独特的（高于或低于平均水平）。这两种观点——自我是典型的和自我是独特的——有可能得到调和。如果给定技能的能力分布是倾斜的，以至于许多人有高（低）能力，而少数人有低（高）能力，那么大多数人的自我评估有可能高于（低于）平均水平。五项研究中的参与者表明，他们理解各种技能的能力分布是倾斜的，并且他们的自我评估与分布形状有关：负向倾斜时自我评估高，正向倾斜时自我评估低。此外，参与者倾向于将自己置于他们所感知的技能分布的众数附近。参与者最有可能认为自己擅长那些他们认为大多数其他人也擅长的技能。
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