Is excess male infant mortality from sudden infant death syndrome and other respiratory diseases X-linked?

AIM

Male excess infant mortality is well known but unexplained. In 2004, we reported sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and other infant respiratory deaths showed a ~50% male excess in the United States between 1979 and 2002. This study analyses expanded US data from 1968 to 2010 to see whether infant respiratory deaths still show similar ~50% male excess and may be X-linked.

METHODS

The analysis compared infant mortality data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1968-2010, with 11 World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases (ICD) rubric groups for respiratory deaths by accidents, congenital anomalies, respiratory diseases and causes unknown.

RESULTS

The 11 ICD groupings presented male excesses of ~50% and combining the 453,953 US cases produced a male fraction of 0.6034, a 52.1% male excess. A further 72,380 non-US respiratory cases showed a similar 0.6055 male fraction, a 53.5% male excess.

CONCLUSION

The constant ~50% male excess for quite different causes of respiratory death suggests they all have a common terminal event and that is acute anoxic encephalopathy. We hypothesise that this constant male excess phenomenon must be caused by a single X-linked gene, with a recessive condition, leading to a predisposition to succumb to acute anoxic encephalopathy.