Demirel Rasime, Sariozlu Nalan Yilmaz
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.
J Sci Food Agric. 2014 Jun;94(8):1577-84. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6460. Epub 2013 Nov 18.
Aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are metabolites produced by several fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium and have been found to contaminate human foods and animal feeds. The aim of this study was to investigate the abundance and diversity of total microfungi and mycotoxigenic fungi in 25 samples of different grain-based flours from four regions of Turkey (Thrace and Central, Northwest and West Anatolia) and to evaluate the level of AF and OTA contamination. Microscopic and polymerase chain reaction analyses were used to identify fungi, while high-performance liquid chromatography was used for the detection of AFs and OTA.
A total of 551 fungal strains were obtained from the samples and identified morphologically and by multi-locus gene sequencing. All samples were contaminated with fungi ((2-4.8) × 10(4) colony-forming units g(-1) ) and three of them exceeded the European Commission (EC) limits. The data also revealed that 70.5 and 14.7% of the fungal isolates were positive for AF and OTA production respectively. In addition, 21 samples were contaminated by AFs (14.98 and 22.4 µg kg(-1) for AFB1 ) and OTA (3.02 and 4.76 µg kg(-1) ) and three of them exceeded the EC limits.
This study is the first report on problems with the occurrence of microfungi, mycotoxin contamination, AFs and OTA in different grain-based flour samples from Turkey and highlights developable points of current limits for food and public health safety.
黄曲霉毒素（AFs）和赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）是曲霉属和青霉属几种真菌产生的代谢产物，已被发现污染人类食品和动物饲料。本研究的目的是调查来自土耳其四个地区（色雷斯和中部、西北安纳托利亚和西安纳托利亚）的25个不同谷物面粉样品中总微真菌和产毒真菌的丰度和多样性，并评估AF和OTA的污染水平。使用显微镜和聚合酶链反应分析来鉴定真菌，同时使用高效液相色谱法检测AFs和OTA。
从样品中总共获得了551株真菌菌株，并通过形态学和多位点基因测序进行了鉴定。所有样品均被真菌污染（（2 - 4.8）×10⁴ 菌落形成单位 g⁻¹），其中三个超过了欧盟委员会（EC）的限值。数据还显示，分别有70.5%和14.7%的真菌分离株产AF和OTA呈阳性。此外，21个样品被AFs（AFB1分别为14.98和22.4 μg kg⁻¹）和OTA（3.02和4.76 μg kg⁻¹）污染，其中三个超过了EC限值。
本研究是关于土耳其不同谷物面粉样品中微真菌、霉菌毒素污染、AFs和OTA问题的首份报告，并突出了当前食品和公共卫生安全限值中可改进之处。
