Department of Agricultural Chemistry, NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar, Pakistan.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Apr;48(4):1111-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.02.004. Epub 2010 Feb 6.
Mould incidence and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination as well as proximate composition and minerals content of maize kernels from Swat Valley, North West Frontier Province of Pakistan was studied during the year, 2007. Results indicated that the mean moisture content of the kernels was within the recommended safe storage levels of 15%. Across the whole valley, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus were the most predominant fungal genera identified and amongst the mycotoxigenic species, Aspergillus flavus had the highest incidence. AFB1 content ranged from none to 30.92 microg/kg with the average values of 14.94 and 16.22 microg/kg for Upper and Lower Swat regions, respectively. Similar trend was observed for OTA with the contamination level ranged from <0.001 to 7.32 microg/kg. A significant numbers of samples contained AFB1 and OTA levels above the safe limits as recommended by the USFDA and EU but on the average the results were within the safe limit. These results indicate that maize consumers in Swat Valley may be exposed to the danger of aflatoxins and ochratoxins poisoning. Thus, there is a need for policy makers to establish and enforce maize quality standards and regulations related to moulds and mycotoxins across the area.
2007 年对巴基斯坦西北边境省斯瓦特山谷的玉米穗的霉菌发生率以及黄曲霉毒素 B1（AFB1）和赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）污染情况，以及其近似成分和矿物质含量进行了研究。结果表明，玉米穗的平均水分含量处于 15%的安全储存水平之内。在整个山谷中，鉴定出的最主要的真菌属是曲霉属、镰刀菌属、青霉属和根霉属，而产毒物种中，黄曲霉属的发生率最高。AFB1 含量范围从无到 30.92μg/kg，上斯瓦特和下斯瓦特地区的平均值分别为 14.94μg/kg 和 16.22μg/kg。OTA 的污染水平也呈现出类似的趋势，从<0.001 到 7.32μg/kg。大量样本的 AFB1 和 OTA 含量超过了美国食品和药物管理局和欧盟建议的安全限量，但平均而言，结果仍在安全范围内。这些结果表明，斯瓦特山谷的玉米消费者可能面临黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素中毒的危险。因此，政策制定者需要在该地区建立和执行与霉菌和霉菌毒素有关的玉米质量标准和法规。
