Li Kaigang, Jurkowski Janine M, Davison Kirsten K
1 Department of Health Policy, Management and Behavior, The University at Albany School of Public Health , SUNY, Rensselaer, NY.
Child Obes. 2013 Dec;9(6):484-91. doi: 10.1089/chi.2013.0071. Epub 2013 Oct 29.
Excessive television (TV) viewing in preschool children has been linked to negative outcomes during childhood, including childhood obesity. In a sample of low-income families, this study examined associations between intrafamilial factors and preschool children's TV-viewing time and the moderating effect of social support from nonfamily members on this association.
In 2010, 129 mothers/female guardians of 2- to 5-year-old children enrolled at five Head Start centers in Rensselaer County, New York, completed a self-report survey. The survey assessed child TV-viewing time (including TV, DVDs, and videos) and intrafamilial risk factors, including maternal perceived stress, depressive symptoms, TV viewing, leisure-time physical activity (inactivity), and family functioning. Social support from nonfamily members (nonfamily social support) was also measured and examined as an effect modifier.
Children watched TV an average of 160 minutes per day. Moderate depressive symptoms (Personal Health Questionnaire depression scale scores ≥10), higher perceived stress, poorer family functioning, and higher maternal TV-viewing were significantly and independently associated with greater minutes of child TV viewing, controlling for covariates. In all instances, nonfamily social support moderated these associations, such that negative experiences within the family environment were linked with higher child TV-viewing time under conditions of low nonfamily social support, but not high nonfamily support.
Social support from nonfamily members may buffer potentially negative effects of intrafamilial factors on preschool children's TV-viewing time.
学龄前儿童过度看电视与童年期的负面后果有关，包括儿童肥胖。在一个低收入家庭样本中，本研究调查了家庭内部因素与学龄前儿童看电视时间之间的关联，以及非家庭成员的社会支持对这种关联的调节作用。
2010年，纽约伦斯勒县五个启蒙计划中心招收的129名2至5岁儿童的母亲/女性监护人完成了一项自我报告调查。该调查评估了儿童看电视时间（包括电视、DVD和视频）以及家庭内部风险因素，包括母亲感知到的压力、抑郁症状、看电视情况、休闲时间的身体活动（不活动）以及家庭功能。还测量并检验了非家庭成员的社会支持（非家庭社会支持）作为效应修饰因素。
儿童平均每天看电视160分钟。在控制协变量的情况下，中度抑郁症状（个人健康问卷抑郁量表得分≥10）、较高的感知压力、较差的家庭功能以及母亲较高的看电视时间与儿童看电视时间延长显著且独立相关。在所有情况下，非家庭社会支持调节了这些关联，即家庭环境中的负面经历在非家庭社会支持较低而非较高的情况下与儿童较高的看电视时间相关。
非家庭成员的社会支持可能缓冲家庭内部因素对学龄前儿童看电视时间的潜在负面影响。
