Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, CSIR, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2013 Dec;61(12):722-7. doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.120218.
To establish the frequency, associations and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in hospital population of South India.
In this cross-sectional hospital based study, 3549 subjects (2090 men and 1459 women) above 45 years of age were screened randomly for AMD. Participants underwent ocular evaluation and were interviewed for lifestyle variables and dietary intake of carotenoids by structured food frequency questionnaire. AMD was defined according to the international classifications and grading system.
Either form of AMD was detected in 77 (2.2%) participants. Of which, early and late AMD was present in 63 (1.8%) and 14 (0.4%) subjects, respectively. Binary logistic analysis showed that the incidence of AMD was significantly higher with increasing age (Odds ratio [OR] 1.17; 95% CI 1.13-1.22) and diabetes (OR 3.97; 95% CI 2.11-7.46). However, AMD was significant among heavy cigarette smokers (OR 5.58; 95% CI 0.88-7.51) and alcoholics (OR 4.85; 95% CI 2.45-12.22). Dietary lutein/zeaxanthin (L/Z) and β-carotene intake were associated (P < 0.001) with the reduction in risk for AMD, with an OR of 0.38 and 0.65, respectively.
Higher dietary intake of carotenoids, especially L/Z, was associated with lower risk for AMD. Risk of AMD is higher with increasing age and was prevalent among subjects with diabetes. Cessation of smoking and alcohol may reduce the risk of AMD in this population.
在印度南部的医院人群中确定年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的频率、关联和危险因素。
在这项横断面医院基础研究中，随机筛选了 3549 名年龄在 45 岁以上的受试者（2090 名男性和 1459 名女性）进行 AMD 筛查。参与者接受了眼部评估，并通过结构化食物频率问卷对生活方式变量和类胡萝卜素的饮食摄入进行了访谈。AMD 根据国际分类和分级系统进行定义。
77 名（2.2%）参与者中发现了任何一种形式的 AMD。其中，63 名（1.8%）和 14 名（0.4%）参与者分别存在早期和晚期 AMD。二项逻辑分析表明，AMD 的发病率随年龄的增加而显著升高（优势比 [OR] 1.17；95%置信区间 [CI] 1.13-1.22）和糖尿病（OR 3.97；95% CI 2.11-7.46）。然而，重度吸烟者（OR 5.58；95% CI 0.88-7.51）和酗酒者（OR 4.85；95% CI 2.45-12.22）中 AMD 显著增加。叶黄素/玉米黄质（L/Z）和 β-胡萝卜素的饮食摄入量与 AMD 风险降低相关（P < 0.001），OR 分别为 0.38 和 0.65。
较高的类胡萝卜素饮食摄入，尤其是 L/Z，与 AMD 的低风险相关。AMD 的风险随年龄的增加而增加，在糖尿病患者中更为普遍。在该人群中，戒烟和戒酒可能会降低 AMD 的风险。
