75 岁以下人群的癌症发病率和死亡率：1987-2007 年期间澳大利亚的变化。

Cancer incidence and mortality in people aged less than 75 years: changes in Australia over the period 1987-2007.

机构信息

Cancer Council NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Australia; University of NSW, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Australia.

出版信息

Cancer Epidemiol. 2013 Dec;37(6):780-7. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.09.010. Epub 2013 Oct 30.

DOI:10.1016/j.canep.2013.09.010

PMID:24183782

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Australia has one of the highest rates of cancer incidence worldwide and, despite improving survival, cancer continues to be a major public health problem. Our aim was to provide simple summary measures of changes in cancer mortality and incidence in Australia so that progress and areas for improvement in cancer control can be identified.

METHODS

We used national data on cancer deaths and newly registered cancer cases and compared expected and observed numbers of deaths and cases diagnosed in 2007. The expected numbers were obtained by applying 1987 age-sex specific rates (average of 1986-1988) directly to the 2007 population. The observed numbers of deaths and incident cases were calculated for 2007 (average of 2006-2008). We limited the analyses to people aged less than 75 years.

RESULTS

There was a 28% fall in cancer mortality (7827 fewer deaths in 2007 vs. 1987) and a 21% increase in new cancer diagnoses (13,012 more diagnosed cases in 2007). The greatest reductions in deaths were for cancers of the lung in males (-2259), bowel (-1797), breast (-773) and stomach (-577). Other notable falls were for cancers of the prostate (-295), cervix (-242) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (-240). Only small or no changes occurred in mortality for cancers of the lung (female only), pancreas, brain and related, oesophagus and thyroid, with an increase in liver cancer (267). Cancer types that showed the greatest increase in incident cases were cancers of the prostate (10,245), breast (2736), other cancers (1353), melanoma (1138) and thyroid (1107), while falls were seen for cancers of the lung (-1705), bladder (-1110) and unknown primary (-904).

CONCLUSIONS

The reduction in mortality indicates that prevention strategies, improvements in cancer treatment, and screening programmes have made significant contributions to cancer control in Australia since 1987. The rise in incidence is partly due to diagnoses being brought forward by technological improvements and increased coverage of screening and early diagnostic testing.

摘要

背景

澳大利亚的癌症发病率居世界前列，尽管生存率有所提高，但癌症仍是一个主要的公共卫生问题。我们的目的是提供澳大利亚癌症死亡率和发病率变化的简单总结指标，以便确定癌症控制方面的进展和需要改进的领域。

方法

我们使用国家癌症死亡和新登记癌症病例数据，并将 2007 年预期死亡人数和病例数与观察到的死亡人数和病例数进行比较。预期人数是通过直接应用 1987 年的年龄性别特定比率（1986-1988 年的平均值）得出的，观察到的死亡人数和发病例数是为 2007 年计算的（2006-2008 年的平均值）。我们将分析限制在 75 岁以下的人群中。

结果

癌症死亡率下降了 28%（2007 年死亡人数比 1987 年减少了 7827 人），新诊断癌症病例增加了 21%（2007 年增加了 13012 例）。男性肺癌（-2259 例）、肠癌（-1797 例）、乳腺癌（-773 例）和胃癌（-577 例）的死亡率降幅最大。其他显著下降的癌症包括前列腺癌（-295 例）、宫颈癌（-242 例）和非霍奇金淋巴瘤（-240 例）。肺癌（仅限女性）、胰腺癌、脑和相关器官、食道癌和甲状腺癌的死亡率几乎没有变化，肝癌（267 例）则有所增加。发病例数增加最多的癌症类型是前列腺癌（10245 例）、乳腺癌（2736 例）、其他癌症（1353 例）、黑色素瘤（1138 例）和甲状腺癌（1107 例），而肺癌（-1705 例）、膀胱癌（-1110 例）和未知原发灶（-904 例）的发病例数则有所下降。