不确定性下对社会信息的最优利用的神经基础。
The neural underpinnings of an optimal exploitation of social information under uncertainty.
作者信息
Toelch Ulf, Bach Dominik R, Dolan Raymond J
机构信息
Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University, 10117 Berlin, Germany, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK, and Zurich University Hospital for Psychiatry, Switzerland Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University, 10117 Berlin, Germany, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK, and Zurich University Hospital for Psychiatry, Switzerland
Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University, 10117 Berlin, Germany, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK, and Zurich University Hospital for Psychiatry, Switzerland Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University, 10117 Berlin, Germany, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK, and Zurich University Hospital for Psychiatry, Switzerland Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University, 10117 Berlin, Germany, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK, and Zurich University Hospital for Psychiatry, Switzerland.
出版信息
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2014 Nov;9(11):1746-53. doi: 10.1093/scan/nst173. Epub 2013 Nov 4.
Social information influences decision-making through an integration of information derived from individual experience with that derived from observing the actions of others. This raises the question as to which extent one should utilize social information. One strategy is to make use of uncertainty estimates, leading to a copy-when-uncertain strategy that weights information from individual and social sources based on their respective reliabilities. Here, we investigate this integration process by extending models of Bayes optimal integration of sensory information to a social decision context. We then use a key parameter of our behavioral model in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify the neural substrate that is specifically linked to the fidelity of this integration process. We show that individuals behave near Bayes optimal when integrating two distinct sources of social information but systematically deviate from Bayes optimal choice when integrating individual with social information. This systematic behavioral deviation from optimality is linked to activity of left inferior frontal gyrus. Thus, an ability to optimally exploit social information depends on processes that overcome an egocentric bias, and this regulatory role involves the left inferior prefrontal cortex. The findings provide a mechanistic explanation for observations wherein individuals neglect the benefits from exploiting social information.
社会信息通过将个体经验所得信息与观察他人行为所得信息进行整合来影响决策。这就引出了一个问题，即人们应该在多大程度上利用社会信息。一种策略是利用不确定性估计，从而产生一种不确定时模仿的策略，该策略根据个体和社会信息源各自的可靠性对来自两者的信息进行加权。在此，我们通过将感官信息的贝叶斯最优整合模型扩展到社会决策情境中来研究这一整合过程。然后，我们将行为模型的一个关键参数与功能磁共振成像相结合，以确定与这一整合过程的保真度具体相关的神经基质。我们发现，个体在整合两种不同的社会信息源时，行为接近贝叶斯最优，但在整合个体信息与社会信息时，会系统性地偏离贝叶斯最优选择。这种系统性的行为偏离最优性与左下额叶回的活动有关。因此，最优利用社会信息的能力取决于克服自我中心偏差的过程，而这种调节作用涉及左下前额叶皮层。这些发现为个体忽视利用社会信息所带来益处的观察结果提供了一种机制性解释。
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