Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal.
iMed - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Jul 15;487:673-80. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.042. Epub 2013 Nov 5.
A method based on sample preparation by solid phase extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry was validated and used for simultaneous analysis of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and cotinine in samples collected at the major wastewater treatment plant in the city of Lisbon. The aim was to estimate the consumption of both cocaine and nicotine in this community and establish an index involving both drugs supported by the relevance of nicotine as a significant anthropogenic marker. The study was made on two different weekdays during a month in order to evaluate patterns of consumption outside weekends. Cocaine and nicotine ingestion levels were back-calculated and expressed as mass of pure drugs consumed per day and per 1000 inhabitants (mean: 0.604 g and 5.860 g respectively). Cocaine was also expressed on the basis of local drug purity levels (33.7%) with a corresponding increase on dose assessments, and community drug abuse profiles. The authors sustain that this approach should always be included in drug studies of this kind allowing a better drug abuse assessment. No significant different patterns of consumption were obtained during the working days studied with the exception of one case coincident with a national holiday that showed an increased typical profile found on other non-working day studies, namely weekends. A fairly significant relationship was found between nicotine and cocaine consumption that should be further evaluated in future studies. Pharmacokinetic considerations were made and proposed for cocaine assessment based on the impact on back calculations after common simultaneous consumption of cocaine and ethanol.
建立了一种基于固相萃取样品制备和液相色谱-质谱分析的方法，并用于分析里斯本市主要污水处理厂采集的样品中可卡因、苯甲酰爱康宁和可替宁。目的是估算该社区可卡因和尼古丁的消费情况，并建立一个同时涉及这两种药物的指数，尼古丁作为一种重要的人为标记物具有相关性。该研究在一个月的两个不同工作日进行，以评估周末以外的消费模式。反推计算可卡因和尼古丁的摄入量，并表示为每天和每 1000 名居民消耗的纯药物量（平均值分别为 0.604 克和 5.860 克）。可卡因还根据当地药物纯度水平（33.7%）进行了表示，相应地增加了剂量评估和社区药物滥用情况。作者认为，这种方法应该始终包含在这种药物研究中，以更好地评估药物滥用。除了一个与全国假日重合的案例，显示出与其他非工作日研究（即周末）一致的典型模式外，在所研究的工作日中没有发现明显不同的消费模式。尼古丁和可卡因消费之间存在相当显著的关系，应该在未来的研究中进一步评估。根据同时摄入可卡因和乙醇对反推计算的影响，对可卡因评估进行了药代动力学考虑和建议。
